Central finance guides the transformation of agricultural development mode

At present, China's agricultural development is facing great changes and challenges, the ceiling effect of agricultural products prices is beginning to appear, the squeeze of cost "floor" rising is becoming more and more obvious, and the "yellow line" of agricultural production and price subsidies is beginning to approach. The "red light" of resources and environment began to light up, to the stage that we must speed up the transformation of agricultural development mode.

This year, the central finance has placed an important position on speeding up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, based on the basic laws and key tasks of agricultural modernization, readjusting the mode of support, and highlighting the key points of support. we will further enhance the pertinence, accuracy and effectiveness of financial support for agriculture, and speed up the development of agricultural modernization.

Key words: integration of agriculture-related funds

Improve the financial subsidy policy and promote the integration of agriculture-related funds

In order to change the mode of agricultural development and improve the effectiveness of agricultural subsidy policies, in May this year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "guidance on adjusting and improving the three subsidy policies for Agriculture." we will adjust and improve three subsidy policies, namely, subsidies for improved varieties of crops, direct subsidies for grain farmers, and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials.

The main content of the adjustment and improvement of the agricultural "three subsidies" policy is divided into two aspects: the first is to adjust 20% of the comprehensive agricultural subsidy funds nationwide to support the appropriate scale operation of grain. According to the decline in the prices of agricultural means of production, provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities separately listed on the State plan will adjust 20% of the comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials issued by the central financial arrangements. in addition, the pilot funds for subsidies for large grain growers and the incremental funds for the "three subsidies" in agriculture will be used as a whole to support the appropriate scale operation of grain. The second is to select some areas to carry out pilot reform of the "three subsidies" in agriculture. This year, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture have selected five provinces, including Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Sichuan and Zhejiang, to carry out pilot agricultural "three subsidies" reform. The main content of the pilot project is to merge the "three agricultural subsidies" into "agricultural support and protection subsidies", and the policy objective is adjusted to support the protection of cultivated land and the appropriate scale operation of grain. 80% of the stock of comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, plus direct subsidies for grain farmers and subsidies for improved varieties of crops, will be used for the protection of cultivated land. 20% of the stock of comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, together with pilot funds for subsidies for large grain growers and incremental funds for the "three subsidies" in agriculture, will focus on supporting appropriate scale operation of grain in accordance with the requirements of unified adjustment and improvement of policies.

The comprehensive development of agriculture has also further improved and innovated the way of financial investment, giving full play to the guiding role of the market mechanism in driving the allocation of capital investment. First, we will increase financial investment in comprehensive agricultural development and encourage all regions to invest income from the transfer of state-owned land use rights and other channels into comprehensive agricultural development. The second is to improve the guidance mechanism of financial funds and pry more financial capital investment. Third, we should innovate the ways of guiding social funds, and encourage areas with conditions to adopt the method of "building first and then making up for it, and replacing it with awards." to guide and drive new types of agricultural operators, such as family farms, professional large households, farmers' cooperatives, and leading industrialization enterprises, to increase investment in development. We should appropriately broaden the scope of the use of funds for industrial management projects, explore new models for setting up equity investment funds and equity guidance funds to support the development of agricultural industrialization, and use market-oriented mechanisms to guide and drive social capital investment.

This year, the central government has made great efforts to innovate the system and mechanism to promote the integration of agriculture-related funds into a new stage. Steadily promote the Heilongjiang "two plains" agriculture-related funds integration pilot, and on the basis of summing up the experience of the pilot, creatively study and put forward the next pilot ideas. Some cities and counties in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Henan and Hunan provinces are selected to carry out pilot projects for the integration and optimization of agriculture-related funds, and pilot cities and counties are encouraged to make overall use of agriculture-related funds. In the performance evaluation of funds for the development of modern agricultural production, we should continue to take the integration of funds as an important indicator, and arrange some incentive funds to encourage and guide local governments to strengthen integration in accordance with local conditions.

Key words: modern agriculture

Improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and speed up the construction of modern agriculture

Under the new normal, the most urgent task to promote the development of modern agriculture is to "change the mode and adjust the structure". This year, the central government continues to vigorously support the development of leading industries with local advantages and characteristics, promote the appropriate scale operation of agriculture, effectively ensure the effective supply, quality and safety of major agricultural products such as grain, and promote the adjustment and sustainable development of agricultural industrial structure. it has accelerated the pace of modern agricultural construction.

This year, China's grain output has reached 1.24 trillion jin, the self-sufficiency rate of rice, wheat and corn has been maintained at more than 98 percent, and the per capita share of grain has reached 450kg, which is higher than the world average. However, for a period of time, China's grain production, inventory and import have increased simultaneously, and the grain reform should be transformed from the demand side to the supply side. To overcome the contradiction in grain production, it is necessary to promote grain production to shift from quantitative growth to equal emphasis on quantity, quality and efficiency.

In order to consolidate and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, it is necessary to promote the construction of irrigation and water conservancy and the construction of high-standard farmland on a large scale, so as to realize "storing grain in the land". This year, the central government has allocated 41.786 billion yuan for subsidies for the construction of irrigation and water conservancy facilities to comprehensively promote high-efficiency water-saving irrigation in accordance with the ideas of saving water and increasing grain in Northeast China, water pressure mining in North China, water saving and efficiency in the northwest, and water saving and emission reduction in the south. We will support the construction of key counties of irrigation and water conservancy, water diversion and water lifting projects for drought relief planning, the continuation of large-scale irrigation areas and water-saving transformation, and subsidize the maintenance and maintenance of irrigation and water conservancy facilities. In recent years, the central government has concentrated its efforts on supporting the construction of high-standard farmland with high and stable yields, high and stable yields, and high water-saving efficiency, comprehensively improving agricultural production conditions and enhancing comprehensive agricultural production capacity. We will vigorously strengthen the matching transformation of water saving in medium-sized irrigation areas, and achieve synchronous planning, implementation and benefits of water-saving transformation of high-standard farmland and medium-sized irrigation areas. The central government will innovate the mechanism for high-standard farmland construction and speed up the progress of construction. Expand the channels of capital investment, give full play to the power of new agricultural operators, make full use of the results of the delineation of permanent basic farmland, and take targeted governance measures. Data show that since the 12th five-year Plan, a total of 207.086 billion yuan has been invested in comprehensive agricultural development throughout the country, 108 million mu of medium-and low-yield fields have been renovated and high-standard farmland has been built, and grain production capacity has increased by more than 100kg per mu.

In terms of financial support for the construction of modern agriculture, the central government has allocated 20.36 billion yuan for the development of modern agricultural production this year to vigorously support the development of local grain and leading industries with advantageous characteristics, and will support the development of various forms of moderate scale operation as the focus and support direction of the use of funds. In accordance with the principle of "central macro guidance and local independent options," we should support various localities to highlight key links, speed up the development of leading industries with grain and other advantageous characteristics, expand and strengthen leading industries, and increase farmers' income.

In terms of exploring the integrated development model of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in agriculture, the central government has allocated 1 billion yuan this year to support nine provinces, including Henan and Shandong, as well as Ningxia, a province with characteristic agriculture, focusing on rice and wheat, as well as some characteristic superior agricultural products. we will explore new business type and new models for agricultural development, expand new functions of agriculture, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

In terms of promoting the adjustment of the planting structure, the central government has allocated 300 million yuan this year to carry out pilot grain and feed structure adjustment in the northern cold and high latitude areas, the northwest arid and semi-arid areas, and the agro-pastoral ecotone. We will promote the adjustment of the planting structure in the pilot areas in accordance with the model of livestock improvement, grain and feed use, combination of planting and breeding, and breeding. In order to speed up the construction of a new agricultural management system and constantly improve the degree of organization of farmers, the central government has allocated 2 billion yuan this year to actively support the development of farmers' professional cooperative organizations. Of this total, 600 million yuan has been earmarked to continue to support Jiangsu, Chongqing and other 12 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) in carrying out pilot projects to support the innovation of farmers' cooperatives, further consolidate the pilot results, and explore innovative mechanisms. In accordance with the requirements of optimizing the structure and improving quality and efficiency, the pilot provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) can flexibly choose effective models such as strengthening cooperation with financial and social capital, building a public service platform, and the government purchasing services, and popularize and apply them on a larger scale. give full play to the typical demonstration and leading role of the pilot project. At the same time, 1 billion yuan will be allocated to continue to support the pilot project of socialized services for agricultural production in 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), including Hebei and Sichuan, and to include new increases in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Fujian as subsidies. the funds will be used to promote the innovation of the socialized service mechanism of agricultural production and promote the large-scale and organized development of agricultural production.

Key words: sustainable development

Putting Science and Technology Ecology first to promote the Sustainable Development of Agriculture

To speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a modern agricultural scientific and technological innovation system, pay attention to the protection and management of agricultural ecological environment, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.

To speed up the promotion of agricultural mechanization and improve the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture. This year, the central government allocated 23.645 billion yuan to subsidize the purchase of agricultural machinery to individuals and agricultural production and operation organizations directly engaged in agricultural production for the purchase and use of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. Focus on supporting machines and tools needed for key links in the production of major crops, such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar, as well as machines and tools for the development of animal husbandry, fishery, facility agriculture, forest and fruit industry and primary processing of agricultural products. It is understood that since the implementation of the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery in 2004, the central government has continuously increased its support, and has allocated a total of 143.507 billion yuan this year, which has played a positive role in arousing farmers' enthusiasm in purchasing and using agricultural machinery, adjusting and optimizing the structure of agricultural machinery equipment, raising the level of agricultural mechanization operations, and promoting the sound and rapid development of agricultural mechanization and agricultural machinery industry.

As the first driving factor to ensure China's food security and sustained agricultural growth, the contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural growth has reached 55.2%. Agricultural science and technology is becoming an important support for changing the mode of agricultural development, promoting agricultural production and efficiency, and continuously increasing farmers' income.

In June this year, the central government allocated 2.6 billion yuan for the transformation of agricultural and forestry scientific and technological achievements and technology popularization to support the reform and construction of the agricultural technology extension system at the grass-roots level. Since 2009, the project has invested a total of 12.75 billion yuan. Since the implementation of this policy, it has effectively promoted the reform and construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, defined the public welfare orientation of grass-roots agricultural technology extension work, stabilized the agricultural technology extension team, and accelerated the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.

In the same month, the central government allocated 1 billion yuan for the transformation and popularization of agricultural and forestry scientific and technological achievements, with emphasis on supporting the popularization and application of plastic film mulching technology in the arid areas of North, Northeast and Northwest China. At the same time, local governments are required to do a good job in the recovery and reuse of plastic film through the subsidy of "trade-in" to reduce the "white pollution" of farmland. Data show that since its implementation in 2010, the central government has invested a total of 4.8 billion yuan to support the extension of dry farming agricultural technology, changing the mode of agricultural production in the arid areas of North, Northeast and Northwest China.

Resource conservation and environmental friendliness are not only the basic requirements of modern agriculture, but also the focus of changing the mode of agricultural development.

In order to explore the route of remediation and treatment of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals that can be promoted with the combination of replication, prevention and control, the central government allocated 1.5 billion yuan this year, an increase of 344 million yuan over the previous year, to support Hunan Province to continue to carry out in-depth pilot projects for the rehabilitation and treatment of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals.

In terms of comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation, the central government has allocated 6.9 billion yuan this year to further increase investment in Hebei Province. We will support Hebei Province to expand the scope of the pilot project from 49 counties (districts and cities) in four cities in 2014 to 63 counties (districts and cities) in five cities.

According to the "new round of overall plan for returning farmland to forest and grassland", the state has arranged a new round of task of returning farmland to forest and grassland of 10 million mu this year. The central government has allocated 4.964 billion yuan in special funds for a new round of returning farmland to forests and grasslands.

This year, the central government has further increased its support for the protection of natural forest resources, allocated 19.5 billion yuan of special financial funds for the natural forest protection project, and supported the complete cessation of commercial logging of natural forests in key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. We will appropriately increase subsidies such as state-owned forest protection fees and social insurance subsidies for workers in the natural forest protection project, and gradually achieve full coverage of the natural forest protection policy.

This year, the central government has further increased its support for wetland protection, allocating 1.6 billion yuan in wetland subsidies. With the strong support of the central finance the area and number of wetlands in some areas of China have increased significantly and the ecological function of wetlands has been gradually restored.

In order to promote the development of eco-friendly agriculture, the central government allocated 1.272 billion yuan this year, an increase of 500 million yuan over the previous year, and continued to promote measures to improve soil organic matter, such as returning straw to field rot, applying bio-organic fertilizers, and comprehensive techniques for soil fertility improvement. Among them, 500 million yuan will be allocated to carry out pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black land in Northeast China.