Five concepts of rapid development of agriculture in China in 2015 run up to modern agriculture.

The Central Rural work Conference proposed that during the 13th five-year Plan period, we should firmly establish and earnestly implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, strengthen the driving force for innovation, plant development advantages, and actively promote agricultural modernization.

The black land in Northeast China has long been covered with ice and snow, the wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is quietly waiting for the arrival of spring, and potatoes or vegetables are planted in the winter fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. When the calendar card turns to 2016, farmers have gone through another planting season, the pace of modern agriculture has never stopped, and a series of new ideas, new measures and new achievements are coming.

New idea

Da Nong read the Classic of Mountains and Seas well

Only by introducing the concepts of industrial chain and value chain into agriculture, extending the industrial chain, building the supply chain, expanding the value chain, and perfecting the interest connection mechanism, can farmers get more benefits from the industrial chain.

What is agriculture, and for whom is modern agriculture? "increase grain for the people, increase the income of farmers, and fill in green for the people." the answer of an old agricultural man is unforgettable. The agricultural view of small-scale peasant economy pays too much attention to the increase of quantity, taking yield as the biggest measure of agriculture. The function of agriculture is not only production, but also life and ecological functions. Agricultural economy not only ensures supply, but also protects income and ecology. "the strength of modern agriculture is not only in terms of output, but also in competitiveness, which means that there should be more breakthroughs in the concept of agricultural development." Said Zhu Lizhi, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Economics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

A broader concept of food safety. Speaking of potatoes, northerners often think of Sautéed Potato, Green Pepper and Eggplant, southerners will think of sour and spicy shredded potatoes. People may be puzzled when they hear that potatoes are going to be a staple food. In fact, potatoes have less requirements for water resources, low requirements for soil quality, and more balanced nutrition, which is a food choice conducive to environmental sustainable development. Behind the strategy of potato staple diet is the concept of big grain and big food, which can not emphasize the quantity of food unilaterally, while neglecting the integrity and coordination of food safety. In the future, the space for agricultural development will not only be limited to arable land, but will also be oriented to the entire territory, guiding farmers to read the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" and play the "fruit and vegetable card" well.

A more efficient concept of industrial development. From growing and selling apples to processing Apple Cider Vinegar, attracting tourists to pick apples. The term "six industries" makes more farmers' wallets bulge up. In the past, agriculture was only about planting to harvesting, but now it is from the field to the table. The elongated industrial chain is subdivided into unlimited links and jobs, creating many new forms of agriculture. If agriculture is only regarded as the primary industry, the ecological and social benefits of agriculture may not be realized in the market economy, but if agriculture is upgraded to "six industries", the multiple benefits of agriculture may be realized through the market mechanism. People increasingly realize that only by introducing modern industrial development concepts such as industrial chain and value chain into agriculture, extending the industrial chain, building the supply chain, expanding the value chain, and improving the interest connection mechanism, can farmers get more benefits from the industrial chain.

A more sustainable view of resource utilization. Let our soil and water resources "catch their breath", but leave an inch of land to plough with our children and grandchildren. In the face of the decline in the quantity and quality of cultivated land, the over-exploitation of groundwater and the aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution, the state proposed to explore the pilot system of cultivated land rotation and fallow in 2015. It is not only conducive to the recuperation of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture, but also conducive to balancing the contradiction between food supply and demand and stabilizing farmers' income. In fact, for those arable land with high multiple cropping index, seasonal fallow has been carried out in some places. Some land is allowed to stop growing grain in a certain farming season, and farmers are encouraged to grow legume, green manure and other crops in the leisure season to improve soil fertility and give certain subsidies.

New measures

Adjustment of navigation structure in large market

Problems such as the decrease in the quantity and quality of cultivated land and the aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution are highlighted, and the "hoop spell" of resources and environment is getting tighter and tighter. Agriculture has reached a new stage where there is an urgent need to speed up the transformation of the mode of development.

From the machinists of the Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Cooperative to the rubber cutters in the natural rubber forests of Hainan, from the cotton farmers in the cotton fields at the foot of Tianshan to the fishermen in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, optimizing the layout, improving the varieties, and improving the quality, they all feel the intensity of the current agricultural structural adjustment.

The structure of the planting industry has reached a level that has to be adjusted. In 2015, Liaoning was affected by severe drought and grain price adjustment, resulting in poor corn harvests and farmers' incomes in some places. In contrast, farmers in the pilot county of "changing grain to feed" have earned hundreds of yuan more per mu because they have planted whole-plant silage corn and miscellaneous grains and beans. The "sickle bend" area gets its name because of its curved distribution from northeast to north-west-northwest in the topographic map of China. Yu Xinrong, vice minister of agriculture, said that in the future, the focus should be on reducing the planting area of corn in the "sickle bend" area. By 2020, 50 million mu of cultivated land will be reduced, and the reduced cultivated land will develop crops such as silage corn, forage grass, miscellaneous grains and beans according to market demand.

Although it has been a long time since the incident of floating dead pigs in the Huangpu River, people still pay no less attention to the safety of animal products. There are many rivers and lakes in the water network area of southern China, with large precipitation, sensitive water environment, high pig breeding density and large fecal production, so the task of co-ordinating pig production and environmental protection is particularly arduous. In addition, the construction of comprehensive utilization facilities of manure in pig farms lags behind, and the comprehensive utilization rate of feces is only 40%, which is 10 percentage points lower than that of the whole country, which has become the root cause of pollution in pig farming. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed to optimize the layout of pig farming in key water network areas in the south. In many places, the development direction is to control the total amount and optimize the structure, and the prohibited and restricted areas have been redefined. Raising livestock and poultry in the prohibited areas is strictly prohibited, all farms are closed, and the total amount of livestock and poultry in the breeding area is strictly controlled.

"if you try your best to fish, you won't get it, but there will be no fish next year." Driven by economic interests, different forms of "isolated nets" are still used in specific waters in some places, and the use of prohibited fishing gear for illegal fishing is still relatively common. In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of fishery resources, fishery departments require all localities to reasonably reduce the density of cage culture in lakes, reservoirs and offshore, encourage the development of large surface and offshore aquaculture, and gradually reduce offshore and inland fishing capacity. Since the 12th five-year Plan, the central and local governments have increased their investment in proliferation and release, with a total investment of nearly 4 billion yuan nationwide and the release of more than 12 billion seedlings of all kinds. Proliferation and release activities have developed from regional and small-scale to national and large-scale resource conservation actions.

A new look

Great science and technology depicts intelligent agriculture

In 2015, the transformation of agricultural mode and structure opened up a new situation. The utilization rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of the three staple grain crops increased by 2.2% and 1.6% respectively compared with 2013, and the pilot projects of changing grain to feed and grain-bean rotation were launched in an all-round way.

As soon as the train of thought changes, the world is wide, and the method is changed. Modern agriculture is an industry that will never decline, and it can be turned into a "century-old shop". Since 2015, under the circumstances that the national investment growth rate has slowed down and the investment in the secondary and tertiary industries has continued to be depressed, the driving force for investment in the primary industry has been strong. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, agricultural investment in the whole society increased by 38.7% in the first three quarters of 2015. The latest data show that at present, the contribution rate of China's agricultural scientific and technological progress is expected to exceed 56%, the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvest has reached 63%, and the proportion of farmland effective irrigated area is expected to exceed 52%.

The mode of production is new. "No one wanted organic fertilizer in the past, but now they are rushing to buy it." The feeling of the big grain growers in Anhui is that organic fertilizer has replaced some chemical fertilizers, and the nutrition of the grain growth package is more balanced. The province focuses on promoting zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers for jade rice, vegetables and fruits, promoting new technologies such as simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, integration of water and fertilizer, and appropriate fertilization, and promoting alternative measures such as returning straw to the field, applying commercial organic fertilizer, and planting green manure. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides of the country's three staple grain crops increased by 2.2% and 1.6% respectively compared with 2013, and the large-scale rate of livestock and poultry farming increased to 39.6%.

The industrial model is new. People eat plant fruits, animals eat roots and leaves, and human and animal manure is returned to the field as crop fertilizer, which is the food chain rule arranged by nature. The combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, the cycle of planting and breeding, and the maximum use of planting by-products and wastes are the due meaning of circular agriculture. In 2015, the central government allocated 300 million yuan to carry out pilot demonstration of herbivorous animal husbandry in 30 counties in the three northern regions, arid and semi-arid areas and farming-animal husbandry ecotone. The pilot county will open up the channel for the coordinated development of the breeding and breeding industry and promote the transformation of waste into treasure and recycling, so as to solve not only the feed problem of livestock and poultry "import", but also the manure and urine problem of "export". A breeding expert said that coarse fodder such as crop straw is necessary for cattle and sheep every day, which is generally 2.5% of their body weight. A beef cow needs to consume 5 tons of straw in two years, and a sheep needs to consume 500 kilograms of straw in that year. Herbivorous animal husbandry has broad prospects.

The way of marketing is new. "Grain should also be branded, so that the price is good and the benefit is good." Nowadays, it has become the consensus of the grain industry to take the road of branding. Heilongjiang Province, the main grain producing area, is changing the situation of quality and quantity but no brand. Heilongjiang Wuchang has built a regional public brand of Wuchang rice. in addition to the traditional marketing methods, the local Oriental Group has also established an omni-channel e-commerce system, including B2C platform, Wechat distribution platform, third-party platform and so on. Consumers place orders through the e-commerce platform, and green and organic Wuchang rice will be delivered directly to consumers from their country of origin. By promoting brand cultivation and integration, it has led to the development of regional economy and the increase of farmers' income. (Qiao Jinliang, reporter of Economic Daily)