The most important thing to make up for the deficiency of agriculture is to adjust the supply structure.

The central rural work conference held a few days ago clearly pointed out that during the 13th five-year Plan period, we should earnestly lengthen the short legs of agriculture, the synchronization of the four modernizations, and make up for the shortcomings of the rural areas, which are well-off in an all-round way. At present, agriculture is facing many contradictions and problems, and the "diseases" are different, but the root causes of the diseases are all in the aspect of structure. Only by adjusting the agricultural structure and improving the effectiveness of the supply of agricultural products can we promote the quality and efficiency of China's agriculture and fundamentally solve the problems of agricultural development.

The concept of "agricultural supply-side structural reform" was put forward for the first time at this meeting. China's grain production has achieved "12 consecutive increases" this year. Behind this gratifying achievement, the scale of grain imports this year may once again set a record, and the grain stocks collected and stored in the domestic market also remain high, showing a strange phenomenon of "three simultaneous increases" in production, imports, and inventories, and also reflects the complexity of the current agricultural situation.

In addition, China's agricultural production is also facing new challenges such as capping the price of agricultural products "ceiling" and raising the production cost "floor". The previous agricultural development paid too much attention to quantitative growth, which led to excessive consumption of soil fertility and groundwater resources, and the hard constraints of these resources and environment aggravated the risk. More importantly, there are only six years left to completely get rid of poverty according to the timetable, and as it is normal for farmers to sell grain and grow grain with low income, next year, as the opening year of the 13th five-year Plan, the pressure on agricultural reform is unprecedented.

Against this background, this year's Central Rural work Conference put structural adjustment in the first place. The meeting stressed the need to improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system, so that the supply of agricultural products is sufficient, and the varieties and quality meet the needs of consumers, so as to truly form an effective supply of agricultural products with reasonable structure and strong guarantee. At present, we should attach great importance to removing inventory, reducing costs and making up for deficiencies. Ensuring national food security is the basic bottom line of agricultural structural reform. it is necessary to protect grain rations such as rice and wheat, cultivated land and production capacity, grain production in major producing areas, especially core producing areas, and ensure basic self-sufficiency in grain and absolute safety in food rations.

Since the reform and opening up, China's agriculture has undergone three major structural adjustments. In the early 1980s, the agricultural market circulation system and mechanism were established; in the late 1990s, it was emphasized to increase the supply of cash crops; in 2003, policies and measures were formulated to support the development of grain. The goal of the current round of structural adjustment is to build the industrial system, production system and management system of modern agriculture.

It should be noted that the moderate scale operation of various forms of agriculture that have emerged in various places will become the main direction of this reform and will provide a direct driving force for the structural reform of agriculture. In the past few years, with the further clarification of the relationship of rural land property rights, the total area of rural household contracted cultivated land transfer has exceeded 30%. New types of agricultural operators, such as large farmers, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, have emerged one after another, and have gradually become a new force in modern agricultural construction. It can be said that these new agricultural operators will become the power source to promote agricultural specialization and change the mode of agricultural development in the future.

With the expansion of business scale, the demand of new business entities for capital turnover and mortgage guarantee will also increase accordingly. Therefore, in terms of policy, there is a need for more national preferential agricultural policies to change from universal benefits to new business entities. For example, further improve fiscal and financial support policies to reduce the risk of agricultural investment; change the way of financial subsidies, reduce the proportion of direct subsidies, improve the effectiveness of agricultural subsidy policies; increase the opening of financial markets, the use of discount loans and other ways to promote financial resources to a new type of agricultural operators and so on.