Three major problems should be paid attention to in the structural reform of agricultural supply side

The just-concluded Central Rural work Conference clearly put forward the "supply-side structural reform of agriculture", which indicates that China's agriculture will carry out a structural adjustment reform. At present, China's agriculture is facing many contradictions and difficulties. For example, China's grain production has achieved "12 consecutive increases". At the same time, the scale of grain imports may once again set a record in 2015, and the grain inventory collected and stored in the domestic market will also remain high. showing a strange phenomenon of "three simultaneous increases" in production, imports and stocks. In addition, China's agricultural production is also facing new challenges such as capping the price of agricultural products "ceiling" and raising the production cost "floor".

The root of these problems lies in the structural problems of Chinese agriculture and some distorted agricultural policies. To extend the supply-side structural reform to the agricultural field, we must adjust the agricultural structure, improve the supply effectiveness of agricultural products, and enhance the market allocation of agricultural resources, so as to promote the quality and efficiency of China's agriculture and fundamentally solve the problem of agricultural development.

We believe that the future development of China's agriculture needs to focus on several problems:

The first is to adjust the basic strategy of grain production. Adjust the flexibility of the strategy of food self-sufficiency and comprehensively ensure food security from an international point of view. It is necessary to adjust the outdated grain self-sufficiency rate target, while ensuring the production of food rations at home, strengthen the analysis of the potential, environment and risks of global agricultural development, and make full use of domestic and international resources and markets to strengthen food supply security. As Anbang researchers have said in the past: to import food is to import land and water resources. Calculated on the basis of 100 million tons of grain imported by China, it is equivalent to 700 million mu of international land producing grain for China.

Second, we should seek a breakthrough in the rural land system. China's reform originated in rural areas, and the contract system has reformed agricultural production relations. This dividend has been eaten for decades, and now it is time for change. It is more and more difficult to improve the marginal efficiency of small-scale peasant production represented by farmers' individual contract system, so there must be a new breakthrough in system reform. In our view, the biggest institutional breakthrough should be in the land system, referred to as the "three pieces of land" in rural areas-the reform of rural collective construction land, contracted land and farmers' residential land. We believe that the reform of the land system will be the most important factor in the vitality of China's rural development in the next step. For example, if rural homestead can be listed and traded and land ownership is guaranteed, it will stimulate the best part of a round of urban capital going to the countryside to develop small towns in China. The standing Committee of the National people's Congress voted on December 27, 2015. China will carry out pilot projects of rural contracted land management rights and farmers' housing property rights ("two rights") mortgage loans in 59 pilot counties (cities and districts), including 232 pilot counties (cities and districts) and Jixian County, Tianjin. It is also expanding the experience of rural land reform.

Third, the development of agricultural industry is facing reform and upgrading. From the perspective of planting, we should not only eat grain for the sake of grain, but also take into account the economic output and efficiency of agriculture. According to data provided by the National Development and Reform Commission, the average net profit per mu of vegetables in 2014 was 2069.78 yuan, 10.1 times that of rice, 23.6 times that of wheat and 25.30 times that of corn, while the net profits of land-intensive agricultural products such as cotton, sugar and soybeans were all negative. This shows that the allocation of resources between land-intensive industries such as grain and cotton and labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries such as fruits, vegetables and aquatic products is unreasonable. From the perspective of organization, the individual contract system only reforms the relations of production, but in the degree of organization of agricultural production, it is still an individual small-scale peasant economy, which has no way out in the future. Greater efforts should be made to reform the land circulation system, the organized development of agriculture, and the transfer of industrial capital to the countryside.