Is it cost-effective that the high yield of grain does not equal the increase of farmers' income to grow grain?

"the first county of wheat in China" ushered in 12 consecutive increases in summer grain, but a large grain county is not equal to a strong agricultural county, and a high grain yield does not mean an increase in farmers' income. if the grain is planted to the extreme, farmers' income is still not high, and Huaxian County is not reconciled to it. It is not realistic to raise grain prices substantially. It is necessary to stabilize grain and increase income. Huaxian County is exploring the way to comprehensively enhance agricultural industrialization.

1. Ordinary peasant households: retail investors are still the main force, and a year of farming is equivalent to more than a working month.

Li Ronghao's ledger

Wheat cost per mu: 508 yuan

Cost of corn per mu: 450 yuan

Net income of 7.2mu of land: 7000 yuan

Huaxian County, Henan Province has 1.95 million mu of arable land, with a land transfer area of more than 400,000 mu. 78% of the area is planted by ordinary farmers, and 350000 retail investors are still the main force of land cultivation.

"the weather is favorable this year, and the harvest is good, with 1200 jin of wheat per mu." Li Ronghao, a farmer in Xixindu Village, Liugu Town, Huaxian County, said. Farmers in Huaxian County have one and a half mu of land per capita. Li Ronghao is regarded as an ordinary household in the village, with a total of 7 mu of land.

How much is the annual income from farming? Lao Li looked embarrassed: "it's hard to figure out whether the farm account is usually bad or not." For example, a year's effort in the ground must be a cost. how much should it cost? "

"then let's do it one by one." When pressed by the reporter, Li Ronghao began to calculate the grain account.

Let's first look at the investment in farming. Li Jung-hao breaks his fingers and calculates that Huaxian County usually grows wheat and corn in one season and two crops a year. It takes 20 jin of wheat per mu of land, 2.8 yuan per jin, 200 yuan for base fertilizer and topdressing, 36 yuan for pesticides, 180 yuan for ploughing and harvesting, 36 yuan for watering three times, and 508 yuan for one mu of wheat. If you calculate the corn, the input is not much different.

Next, we will calculate the income. Li Ronghao said: in a normal year, 1200 jin of wheat per mu can be sold at 1.20 yuan per jin, and corn can also be beaten at 1200 jin, selling 1 yuan per catty, resulting in a gross income of 2600 yuan per mu. Minus the cost of farming, the income per mu is 1600 yuan. If you strip out the labor, the net income is 1000 yuan.

In fact, in areas where there are two crops a year, farmers generally accept such a simple accounting method: counting labor, the wheat season pays attention to Ben, and autumn is net. Li Ronghao's family has an annual net income of more than 7000 yuan on more than 7 mu of land.

"the income from farming is still not good. A year's income is only equivalent to my son's working abroad for a month." Li Ronghao said that his son earns more than 7000 yuan a month as a worker in an anticorrosion material factory in other provinces. Even so, the old couple are unwilling to transfer the land. "their ancestors planted crops, but if they had land, they had roots. what's more, they planted and ate their own food."

What worries Li Ronghao is that the prices of agricultural materials have risen too fast in recent years. Take urea, for example, two years ago, a bag of more than 90 yuan, now about 120 yuan, one mu of land to apply a bag of urea will cost 30 yuan more. Corn seeds have risen by 5 to 10 yuan per mu, and pesticides and agricultural diesel are also expensive. "if grain prices were stronger and agricultural prices were lower, the enthusiasm for growing grain would be higher," he said. "

two。 Large grain growers: the income depends on "growing widely and making small profits", hoping to solve the problem of land circulation.

Yu Tongqin's account book

Transferred land: 305 mu

Land transfer fee: 1000 yuan per mu

Total annual income: 150000 yuan

Yu Tongqin is a big grain grower in Huangcun, Baidaokou town. these days his mood is the same as full grains: "Last year, the yield of wheat per mu reached 1080 jin, but this year it reached 1216 jin. How can you not be happy?"

In 2004, Yu Tongqin gave up the opportunity to work abroad and decided to "plane" gold from the land, so he went back to the village to contract more than 130 mu of wasteland to grow grain. Today, he transfers 305 mu of land and mainly breeds improved wheat varieties by signing orders with seed companies.

When it comes to growing grain, he is always talking about the scale advantages of large households: agricultural materials are cheaper than retail investors. when wheat is harvested, others can wait for the harvest team to bid for 50 yuan per mu, and finally 35 yuan per mu.

However, compared with retail investors, the overall spending of large investors is still more:

Yu Tongqin said: at present, the circulation of land costs 1000 jin of wheat per mu, and this market is a bit unbearable.

In addition, there are more contracted land, but it is not good to rely on manpower alone. He is good at investing more than 100,000 yuan successively to purchase agricultural machinery and tools such as combine harvester, straw returning machine, tractor, seeder and so on. "the whole process of farming and harvesting is mechanized in order to make it easier when the farm is busy."

There is also a growing supply of labor. "you need to hire three or four people to irrigate the land and seven or eight people to harvest. In the past, it was easy to find people for NT $60 a day, but now you can't find anyone for NT $100 a day." He is good at talking about the difficulties of growing grain.

Yu Tongqin frankly said that the benefit per mu of large households is not necessarily very high, relying on a wide range of small profits, profits are all in quantity. He calculated an account: according to 1200 jin of wheat and 1200 jin of corn per mu, after deducting the land transfer fee and excluding the expenses on seeds, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the net income per mu of land is only about 560 yuan a year. "A lot of money is spent before you know it, and less than 150000 yuan is really left in your pocket every year."

What is the difficulty for a big grain grower like you?

"if you want to grow grain with a high income, you have to have a scale, but now the transfer fee per mu of land is 1000 yuan, and it is not cost-effective to grow grain." Old to the rising land transfer fees are very helpless.

"in addition, it is difficult to transfer land." Yu Tongqin said: with the improvement of water and electricity roads, pushing gates and watering, it is easy and convenient to cultivate land, and a considerable number of farmers are unwilling to transfer their land. And the facilities are not matched, and the poor land cannot be transferred.

In Huaxian County, the transformation of standard grain fields is promoted at the rate of 200000 mu every year, but the land circulation is much lower than this scale.