Summary of tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Orchid

Orchid propagation can generally be carried out by plant division, but the reproduction coefficient is low. Now the commercial production of orchids is produced through test tube seedling, which can be generally divided into seed seeding production seedlings and tissue culture production meristem seedlings. Each has its advantages. The following is some explanation on its production process and application:

1. Seed sowing of orchids: The fruit of orchids is commonly known as orchids, which have thousands to millions of seeds, which vary according to different species. The development of orchids seeds is special. After the seeds mature, there is no endosperm. They need to coexist with certain fungi. Fungi provide nutrients to germinate. Under natural conditions, the germination rate is very low. Early through artificial inoculation of fungi, can make orchid seed germination, but the technology cumbersome, difficult, later found in artificial culture medium, do not need fungus symbiosis, if the nutrition is appropriate, orchid seed can also germinate growth, generally commonly used culture medium has KC, VW and Kyoto, etc., among which Kyoto formula uses Huabao flower fertilizer as the main inorganic component, easy to prepare, more suitable for orchid enthusiasts to use. Orchid seed culture is a necessary means for orchid hybrid breeding, but also an important technology for orchid seedling production, such as the current domestic production of Phalaenopsis seedlings, most of them are seedlings, compared with meristem seedlings, seedlings often can not ensure the complete consistency of characters, so the requirements for parents are very high, good parents of their offspring will not be separated greatly, good flower rate can reach more than 80%. Seedling production is relatively simple, rapid, take Phalaenopsis for example, from a good pod, about two months after sowing can produce tens of thousands of small protocorms, after a bottle, can be carried out seedlings, about three months later to obtain a large number of transplanting test-tube seedlings.

2. Tissue culture: Since MORAL successfully carried out tissue culture of orchids for the first time in 1960s, dozens of genera of orchids have been cultured in tissue culture. The seedlings produced by tissue culture and cloning technology have the same characteristics as the female parent. The tissue culture and rapid propagation of tropical orchids are generally induced to produce protocorm-like bodies (PLB), which are propagated by PLB; the best starting material is stem tip meristem, and dormant axillary buds on pedicels are also one of the most commonly used materials. Some monoaxial orchids such as Phalaenopsis, such as stem tips, often lose their mother plants, but there is no such worry when taking pedicels.

Somatic clonal variation often occurs in plant tissue culture, which can be used as a breeding tool, but it is unfavorable for commercial production, so great attention should be paid to removing abnormal tissues when propagating through PLB. At present, the meristem production of Phalaenopsis in Taiwan is partially produced by the method of cluster buds, that is, the axillary buds are induced to generate small buds through flower stems, and the cluster buds are induced through small buds and continuously cut and proliferated. The seedlings produced in this way can basically ensure the consistency with the characteristics of mother plants. But the production cost is high, the cycle is long, often need to have a certain number of mother plants to take pedicels. In fact, in terms of commercial orchid production, PLB propagation is the most efficient way to produce meristems. By controlling, the mutation rate can be reduced to a very low level, which can be ignored. Young pedicels are also a good starting material for PLB or adventitious bud induction. The tissue culture of orchids has developed greatly in recent years. Traditional orchids such as spring orchids, black orchids and jian orchids can be cloned. The tissue culture of this kind of orchids is different from tropical orchids. It is induced to produce rhizomes, proliferate through rhizomes, and produce seedlings at the front end of rhizomes. Callus induction has also been reported, but all of them pass through the stage of rhizome initiation.