Heighten vigilance in a major grain-producing county

Nanbu County, which is located in the hilly area of the northeast of Sichuan Basin, has a total population of more than 1.3 million, including an agricultural population of 1.06 million and an arable land area of more than 800,000 mu.

Since 2003, Nanbu County has not only synchronized with the national grain "ten consecutive growth", but also won the honor of "National Advanced Grain production County" for six consecutive years from 2008 to 2013.

In 2013, the sown area of grain in Nanbu County was 1.722 million mu, with a total grain output of 743000 tons, an increase of 24000 tons over the previous year and 3.3 percent over the same period last year. "it is expected to increase production again this year." Liang Dehua, director of the county agriculture bureau, said.

However, what worries Liang Dehua is that with the acceleration of urbanization and the acceleration of the transfer of agricultural population to secondary and tertiary industries, the question of who will farm the land in the future has become increasingly prominent. "how long can the honor of 'advanced national grain production counties' be maintained?"

At present, an exploratory experiment in this respect is being carried out in the county, and if the experiment is successful and further popularized throughout the county, these problems will be easily solved, and the honor of "advanced county in national grain production" is expected to continue to defend its title.

Make every effort to win the national pacesetter for 6 years in a row

"looking back over the past 10 years, especially in the past six years, we can say that we have made great efforts and made certain achievements in order to ensure a steady increase in food production." Liang Dehua said.

Over the years, Nanbu County insists that the top leaders of counties and townships personally grasp grain production. At the beginning of the year, the tasks of grain production were broken down layer by layer, and a target responsibility letter was signed with the agricultural departments at the county level and villages and towns, and the end elimination system and responsibility inquiry system were strictly implemented. Villages and towns that fail to complete the task of grain production shall be vetoed by one vote, and villages and towns with abandoned land shall be held accountable.

In terms of financial support, Nanbu County persisted in integrating funds from major grain production counties and supporting agriculture into key areas, breaking through the bottlenecks restricting the improvement of per unit yield and quality. In 2013, a total of 60 million yuan was invested in grain production development.

Agricultural service centers have been set up in 71 villages and towns, and the center personnel have been included in the full budget, resulting in a large number of agricultural technical personnel keen on their own work, and the team is constantly growing. so far, the total number of agricultural technical personnel in the county has reached 614, forming a county and township integrated, horizontal and orderly agricultural technology extension network.

With regard to the management of agro-technical personnel, the southern county combines "science and technology into households" and "new-type peasant training" to implement the "four-set" target management of setting goals, tasks, regions, rewards and punishments for agro-technical personnel throughout the county. 614 agricultural technicians are frozen in each grid of grain production to give full play to their role.

As a result, agricultural science and technology can be effectively popularized, especially the promotion of high-yield and high-quality varieties. In 2013, the county built a total of 170000 mu of high-quality grain production base and 80, 000 mu of demonstration plots for high yield of eight major crops such as rice. The combination of the two has led to a steady improvement in yield and quality in a large area, and the average high quality rate of grain production in the county has exceeded 55%.

In terms of cultivating a new type of business main body of grain production, Nanbu County is not willing to lag behind, actively support grain processing enterprises and circulation enterprises, improve the organizational system of "company + base + farmers", and effectively promote grain order production. In 2013, the whole county carried out order production area of 150000 mu.

To be vigilant, the mode of land management must be changed.

Liang Dehua said: at present, agricultural production in the county is mainly decentralized management based on families, and with the gradual transfer of agricultural population to cities and secondary and tertiary industries, if the land management model is not changed, the problem of who will farm land will become more and more serious in the future.

For this reason, an exploratory experiment was carried out in Hangongqiao Village, Nianpan Township, Nanbu County. There are 326 peasant households in Hangongqiao Village, with a total area of 721 mu of cultivated land, including 548 mu of paddy field and 173 mu of dry land. Despite the high-pressure and strict control over land abandonment in the county, the planting area of rice in the village last year was still only more than 300 mu, and the abandonment rate of dry land reached 50%.

This year, Hangongqiao Village has not only achieved full planting of rice, but even dry land is about to make full use of the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine, and the village will also develop projects to increase income, such as raising fish and cattle. Why has there been such a big change around a year? The reason is:

Last year, the county agricultural bureau used the funds of the national "Modern Agricultural Rice" project to transform the land of Hangongqiao Village, according to the standards of small and large, thin and thick, square fields, connected roads, connected canals, drought irrigation, and waterlogging energy drainage. The 548 mu paddy field in the village has been built into a high-standard farmland with high and stable yield.

In April this year, under the leadership of the "two committees" of the village, 326 farmers bought shares at a total price of 5 million yuan for land contractual management rights, and set up a professional cooperative for happy growers in Nianpan Township, Nanbu County, with services of "six unification" and "two openness". That is, unified procurement of means of production, unified use of various facilities, unified cultivation of excellent seedlings, unified scientific production management, unified variety marketing, unified technical training. Financial disclosure and surplus return disclosure.

With the support of project funds, the cooperative is also equipped with 4 sets of farming machinery, 2 sets of harvesting machines, 1 set of dryers, 3 sets of motorized sprayers, 3 sets of rice transplanters and 3 sets of water pumps. Rice transplanting has basically been mechanized this year, and only 1/4 of the manpower in the past has been used to achieve full planting of rice in the whole village.

According to the preliminary calculation, the cooperative can harvest 521000 jin of grain in the whole year, and is expected to sell 364700 jin of Huanggu. In order to further develop and strengthen cooperatives, cooperatives will be allocated according to 60% of the distributable year-end surplus.

There are several problems that need to be solved in order to popularize.

The exploration of Hangongqiao Village shows that encouraging farmers to move from decentralized management to centralized management, speeding up land circulation and setting up professional cooperatives should be a good way to solve many problems in rural areas.

The county agricultural bureau calculated an account like this: taking growing rice as an example, if we used to rely entirely on manpower for decentralized management, a mu of land could produce about 1000 jin of land, with an output value of about 1380 yuan, and excluding the cost of 1100 yuan, the net profit was only about 280yuan; but it was managed centrally by cooperatives and by fully mechanized farming, the cost was only about 650yuan, and the net profit was at least more than 730yuan.

The arable land in the shallow hilly area and the dam zone in Nanbu County can completely copy the model of Hangongqiao Village, with an area of about 600,000 mu. If these 600,000 mu of cultivated land are used to grow grain, the sown area can be more than 1.3 million mu every year. With this 1.3 million mu, the honor of "advanced county in national grain production" can be maintained.

There is a direction, but going on is a problem. 'There are several key issues that need to be addressed, 'Mr. Liang said. First of all, a large amount of money needs to be invested in land transformation and infrastructure construction every year, and 6 billion yuan is needed in terms of 10, 000 yuan per mu of land. it will take decades for Nanbu County to invest in this area.

Second, comprehensive mechanization also requires greater financial support from the government. at present, the state only subsidizes 30%, while local finance has no subsidy. According to the purchase of a complete set of machinery by three villages (cooperatives) at 500000 yuan each and 20% of the local financial subsidy, the county has to spend 20 million yuan every year.

The third is the question of who will lead the co-operatives and how to mobilize the enthusiasm of their leaders. "I am in favor of calculating a salary for the leaders of the cooperatives. if the cadres of the two village committees serve as the leaders of the co-operatives, the wages they should receive, together with the wages given by the cooperatives, should be high in the rural areas. in that way they can go all out in the industrial development of the whole village." Liang Dehua said.

Fourth, while stabilizing grain, we should also consider increasing income. When planning industrial development, every cooperative must plan some economic projects with high efficiency and rapid income while ensuring the steady growth of grain production. Nanbu County has always insisted on "wearing hats on the mountain (greening), finding tickets on the hillside (making money), and having enough to eat at the foot of the mountain (growing grain)".