Properly handle the six Relations and promote rational Land transfer

In order to further find out the current situation of rural land circulation, better promote the standardized and orderly circulation of rural land contractual management rights in accordance with the law, and actively explore new ways of large-scale land management, recently, combined with the Party's mass line education practice, the author went to Zhuxianzhuang Town and Huigu Town, Hanqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province, to investigate the circulation and management of rural contracted land. The two towns have a population of 92000, with 133000 mu of arable land and 1.5 mu of arable land per capita. The basic situation of land transfer is as follows:

From the perspective of the main lessee, the two towns have transferred 42100 mu of land (excluding private private transfer), and the land transfer rate is 31.7%, which is higher than that of Suzhou but lower than the average level of the whole province. Among them, the circulation proportion of industrial and commercial enterprises is 28.9%, that of agricultural cooperatives is 23.5%, and that of family farms and large grain growers is 47.6%.

From the point of view of the mode of circulation, leasing is the main mode of circulation, accounting for more than 90% of the circulation area, in which Citic Trust cooperates with the government of Hanqiao District. China's first land transfer trust plan, Citic Rural Land contractual Management right Collective Trust Plan 1301, has been established, with a transferred land area of 5400 mu. The second is hosting, less than 10%. The more successful one is the "field nanny" trusteeship model of Yilida cooperative. As the land trusteeship meets the actual needs of some farmers to "cherish the land" and "leave the land", there is a certain space for development in local areas and specific stages.

From the perspective of circulation price, the land leased by Diyuan Company of Zhuxianzhuang Town is the highest, at 1000 jin of wheat / mu / year (equivalent to 1200 yuan); the rest is basically maintained at 800mur900 jin of wheat / mu / year (equivalent to 960ly1080 yuan), which is much higher than the average land transfer price of 600 yuan / mu / year in the city. At present, the psychological price of farmers in the two towns for land transfer should not be less than 900 jin of wheat / mu / year.

From the point of view of the operation after the transfer, the land transferred on a large scale (more than 100 mu) is basically dominated by cash crops, improved seed breeding and seedlings and flowers, and not many field crops are planted. The reason is that high turnover prices make it almost unprofitable to grow field crops. The comparative benefit of grain cultivation has declined, which has dampened the enthusiasm of new operators such as family farms to grow grain to a certain extent. At present, the tendency of "non-agriculture" and "non-grain" in land circulation should be vigilant. However, no matter whether it is transferred or not, the contracted land in Suzhou has not been abandoned.

From the perspective of government intervention in the circulation, the land transfer of more than 1Comp3 is that enterprises and other lessees sign the transfer agreement directly with the township government, and then sign between the township government and the village committee, and between the village committee and the villagers. During the visit, many people believed that the strong intervention of the government not only raised the price of land transfer, but also became the last backer of the risk of land transfer.

The transfer of land contractual management right is the inevitable result of the coordinated development of rural productive forces and production relations. To promote the transfer of land contractual management rights, the government should not only actively serve and support, but also guide and supervise steadily, properly handle the six major relationships such as stabilizing household contracting and promoting appropriate scale operation, and promote the rational circulation of contracted land in rural areas.

First, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between stabilizing the household contract system and promoting appropriate scale operation of land. The household contract system is the cornerstone of the party's policy in rural areas, which must be unswervingly stable and unchanged for a long time. At the same time, we should fully realize that modern agriculture is an industry based on scale operation, and under the condition of household contract system, land circulation can effectively promote large-scale industrial operation of agriculture, thus fundamentally solving the contradiction between agricultural small-scale production and socialized large-scale production. Therefore, under the premise of stabilizing the contract right, we should vigorously promote the transfer of management rights so as to lay the foundation for modern agriculture. The scale of land transfer should be moderate. Wang Xiang, a family farmer in Zhuxianzhuang Town, reflected that farming does not necessarily make more money, and excessive concentration of land will produce the phenomenon of "diseconomies of scale." From the perspective of local family farmers, the most suitable scale for a family farm with four laborers is 200 mu. More than 200 mu, the planting benefit is decreasing.

Second, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the registration and issuance of land rights and the promotion of land transfer. The registration and issuance of land rights is the basic work of the reform of rural property rights system, which in essence is the legal confirmation and protection of farmers' property rights, so that farmers who transfer land can be "reassured". Therefore, the confirmation of rights certification not only did not hinder the land transfer, but effectively promoted the rural land circulation, promoted the rural financial innovation, and promoted the rural land share cooperation. Next, we can learn from the "right confirmation" model of Linyi, Shandong Province, and on the basis of the registration and issuance of the second round of rural land contract rights, confirm the registration and issuance of rural housing ownership, farmers' right to the use of homestead, rural collective land ownership and rural construction land ownership, in order to further invigorate rural resources and increase collective economic income and farmers' property income.

Third, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the market subject and the government in the land transfer. The essence of the circulation of land contractual management right is the market behavior, the subject of the transfer is the farmers rather than the cadres, and the driving force of the transfer is the market rather than the government. Whether and how the land is transferred, first of all, we should respect the wishes of farmers and let them make their own decisions. Farmers' subject rights, choice rights and negotiation rights should always be retained in the hands of farmers. In the face of the fast-growing situation of land transfer, local governments should not only move blindly, but also comply with the trend, appropriately guide, standardize management, provide efficient service and effective supervision, and support social intermediary evaluation institutions for land transfer by improving the circulation platform of land contractual management rights. we should do a good job in the registration and certification of rural land rights, actively resolve disputes over land transfer, and properly solve the problems left over by history in the determination of land rights. To ensure that the transfer of land "shall not change the nature of collective ownership of land, change the use of land, or damage the rights and interests of farmers in land contracts". The socialized service system is the key to the moderate scale transfer of land. Whether it is the main body of the market or the government, we should pay attention to this problem. For example, Li Qingwu, a cooperative specialized in agricultural machinery in Huaihe Town, Huigu Town, reflects that the cooperative carries out order operations with excellent service and low fees, and implements mechanized "through-train" services for farming, planting, and harvesting of more than 20000 mu of farmland transferred to the contracted family farm. Although the fees are low, due to the stability of the scope of services and the proximity of services, cooperatives have achieved a sustained growth in income and achieved a "win-win" for cooperatives and farmers.

Fourth, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between innovative forms of land transfer and preventing the risk of land transfer. On the basis of insisting on farmers' willingness, we should expand the scope of land trust and trusteeship, actively explore new ways of land transfer, such as shareholding system, "land bank", and confirming rights and shares, and on the premise of fully protecting farmers' long-term interests and rural stability, actively and steadily centralize land management rights to new agricultural operators. While innovating the form of circulation, we should pay attention to preventing the risk of circulation. Help the consortium and other new agricultural operators to improve the internal management and operation system and interest link mechanism, actively raise standards and expand the scope of policy-oriented agricultural insurance for the new agricultural operators, and establish a risk prevention mechanism for agricultural production; give full play to the regulatory role of the government in land circulation, explore the establishment of land transfer risk margin mechanism, to prevent the government from becoming the only "undercover".

Fifth, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the "GSP" and "differentiation" of agricultural subsidies. At present, the state implements the "GSP" policy of agricultural subsidies according to the second round of contracted area of rural land in 1995. This policy should be carried out persistently. However, with the continuous enhancement of national financial resources, differential support policies should be implemented for the incremental part of funds to benefit farmers, focusing on the new type of agricultural operators, especially those engaged in the cultivation of food crops. differential agricultural subsidies should be implemented according to the area of land actually operated by the new type of agricultural operators. We will actively explore the mechanism of benefiting farmers by allocating agriculture-related funds and projects according to the agricultural population in administrative areas.

Sixth, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between promoting farmers'"non-agriculturalization" and preventing and controlling farmland "non-agriculturalization". The "non-agriculturalization" of farmers does not mean the "non-agriculturalization" of farmland. According to statistics, in the scale transfer of land in the two towns, less than 30% of the land is used for growing grain, and less than 10% of the land transferred by industrial and commercial enterprises is used to grow grain. In the long run, it will affect the national food security. After curbing the "non-grain" and "non-agricultural" transformation of land, it is necessary to solve the problem of low efficiency in growing grain, constantly increase support to major grain producing areas, focus on supporting the development of large-scale operators of grain production, and steadily raise grain prices; adhere to the control of the use of land transfer, strictly control the construction of "non-agricultural" industries and "non-agricultural" industries and "non-agricultural" in the name of land transfer, stick to the red line and hold the bottom line. Through rational land transfer, we can deeply solve social problems such as "where people go, where the land is transferred, who grows the fields, and where the money comes from", invigorate the factors of production, and balance urban and rural development.