It is urgent to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's agricultural products wholesale market.

In recent years, the development speed of China's agricultural products wholesale market has slowed down and its fatigue is becoming more and more obvious. Theorists are constantly discussing the transformation and upgrading of agricultural products wholesale markets, and government departments such as the Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission also attach great importance to this. However, the pace of transformation and upgrading has not been promoted for a long time. We believe that there are two important reasons: first, there are problems in the orientation of the main body of China's agricultural product wholesale market. Only by solving the subject problem can we successfully complete the transformation and upgrading. The second is the quasi-public welfare of agricultural products wholesale market, and the transformation from enterprise-oriented operation to quasi-public welfare is also an important prerequisite for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural products wholesale market.

To put it simply, the main body of the agricultural products wholesale market is who should enter the wholesale market for transactions and who should assume the roles of buyers and sellers. At present, China's wholesale market is in a low-level trading state, buyers and sellers are borne by self-employed, mostly individual farmers, rural brokers or small wholesalers. Farmers transport their own products to the wholesale market, and there are a large number of local stalls and sales, followed by small-scale centralized sales organized by rural brokers, and most of the buyers are small wholesalers or self-employed. They all enter the wholesale market in the way of self-employed, and the trading methods are mainly one-to-one counterparty transactions, and the economic activities are loose, the degree of organization is low, and it is difficult to standardize and manage. In addition, farmers and rural brokers have their own cultural quality restrictions, resulting in their weak legal consciousness and weak moral binding force, relying solely on simple cognition to deal with problems, the vision pattern is mostly limited to meet their own needs, and the overall development consciousness is weak. in this case, the transformation and upgrading of the wholesale market is fundamentally lack of foundation and motivation.

We believe that the main body of the wholesale market of agricultural products must be organized and scaled. Only large institutions with certain strength enter the wholesale market and assume the role of buying and selling, and first realize the upgrading of the main body of the wholesale market, in order to support the transformation and upgrading of the whole wholesale market. In a large number of investigations, we find that many modern and efficient wholesale markets are undertaken by institutions, such as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. China should learn from its development experience and introduce large-scale institutions into the wholesale market, such as using farmers' cooperative organizations such as rural cooperatives and supply and marketing cooperatives to organize scattered farmers and rural brokers. form a transaction subject with a high degree of organization and convenient for standardized management. Such trading subjects have the ability to organize large-scale centralized transactions and can use modern trading methods to improve transaction efficiency. only in this way can we effectively distinguish the wholesale market from the farmers' market based on individual transactions. only in this way can the functional upgrading of the wholesale market be better realized, and can modern trading means such as the auction system be implemented.

In addition to the subject problem, the attribute of the agricultural product wholesale market is also unavoidable. At present, China's agricultural products wholesale market belongs to enterprise management, the purpose of the enterprise is to make a profit, he has no obligation to stabilize prices, let alone can not bear the responsibility of food safety inspection. The starting point of all kinds of accusations against the agricultural products wholesale market from all walks of life is that the agricultural products wholesale market is not regarded as a for-profit enterprise. Our view is that the wholesale market itself should not be a substantially profitable organization, it should be quasi-public welfare and low-income, but its public welfare part should not be borne by enterprises, but should be built by the government.

The quasi-public welfare wholesale market of agricultural products should be built by the government or a company absolutely controlled by the government. it is the top wholesale market in China, which undertakes the distribution function of most of our agricultural products and has an absolute advantage in scale. its controlling shares are owned by the government. The government chooses powerful enterprises to operate, but the operation of enterprises should be carried out under the guidance and regulation of the government. first of all, the government must strictly stipulate that enterprises shall not make profits, otherwise they will be disqualified from operation. on the other hand, the losses caused by enterprises due to the provision of public welfare services are subsidized by the government. We believe that the reasonable range of the rate of return of enterprises operating in the wholesale market should be between 2% and 3%. Assuming that the social average rate of return is 8%, then 5% of the loss of 6% of the enterprises will be subsidized by the government. Under this premise, enterprises take the place of the government to undertake public welfare circulation functions, improve circulation infrastructure and the construction of public welfare facilities in wholesale markets, and provide relevant public welfare services.

The top wholesale market of agricultural products focuses on its scale and quality, and there are three wholesale markets in quantity. These three wholesale markets form a circulation national team, which can become an effective focal point for the government's macro-control. A series of industrial support and adjustment policies can be implemented, which is of great significance to the government's macro-control. On the one hand, the top wholesale market can perceive market fluctuations at the first time, and the government can quickly grasp first-hand information in order to respond in a timely manner. In the past, when there were price fluctuations and changes in supply and demand of agricultural products in China, the government's response often lagged behind, and the unsmooth information led to the regulation and control policies not being put in place in time, which led to many problems such as soaring prices or unsalable agricultural products, which brought a lot of trouble to the government and the public, especially farmers. Once the operation of the top wholesale market is on the right track, similar problems faced in the past will be easily solved.

On the other hand, due to the control of the government, the top wholesale market can quickly and effectively implement the policy and greatly improve the efficiency of policy implementation. In addition, the establishment of the top wholesale market will provide new ideas for solving the problem of food safety in China. As the top wholesale market controls the import and export of agricultural products in China, once food safety problems occur, the government can trace them from the top wholesale market and implement step-by-step traceability, coupled with the overall upgrading of the main body of the wholesale market. compared with the current scattered individual operation, the source of problem products is easier to be located, so as to quickly investigate and deal with, timely and effectively control the spread of food safety problems.

In addition to the above two points, the transformation and upgrading of China's agricultural wholesale market is also faced with many problems, such as the upgrading of various functions and the changes of the overall planning. Over the years, all sectors of society have devoted much attention to this subject, but the progress is slow. However, the transformation and upgrading of the wholesale market has a long way to go, which can be achieved in a day, realizing the upgrading of the main body and the transformation of quasi-public welfare. The transformation of the wholesale market also ushered in a good start. As for how to build a more perfect and reasonable overall function, we will continue to study and further give the relevant report.