Cultivation Techniques of Orchid

Orchid (Cymbid. Urnspp.) also known as Cymbidium, Orchid, Orchidaceae, Orchid. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, known as "the first fragrance in the world". It is regarded as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and juxtaposed with plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum, it is called "four gentlemen", which is used to write poems and paintings.

(1) varieties and varieties

Orchids are a kind of terrestrial or epiphytic perennial herbs, which vary greatly in morphology and structure. Tufted fibrous roots, stout, fleshy, less branched, with mycorrhizal symbiosis. There are two forms of stem: one is the rhizome, which is a pseudo-corm with an inflated node at the junction of the root and the leaf. Second, the flower stem, also known as flowers or pedicels, its periphery bearing flowers and several layers of bracts. There are also two forms of leaves: one is an ordinary leaf drawn from a pseudobulb, banded or linear, leathery, with parallel veins, often clustered in bundles, ranging from 3 to 7 pieces per bundle; the other is an abnormal leaf placed on a flower stem. The orchid is solitary or borne on the pedicel by most flowers with short or short stalks, forming racemes with petals rolled upward like a monk's hat, with red, white, purple, orange-red and red edges, white hearts, dark red spots and other colors. The capsule is spherical and the seeds are as small as powder, with tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of seeds per fruit.

There are many kinds of orchids. Orchids traditionally cultivated in China are roughly divided into the following four categories:

1. Spring flowering includes C.goeringii, C.goeringiiVar?IOngi-bracteatum and so on.

2. Summer flowering includes C.faberi, C.floribundumVar?pumilum and so on.

3. Jian Lan (C.ensdeliu) flowering in autumn. ), C.ensdeliumf?flac-cidior, etc.

4. Winter flowering includes C.sinense, C.kanran and so on.

(2) Ecological habits

Orchids are native to China. Like warm and humid, especially warm in winter and cool in summer is the most ideal, do not dry at high temperature. It is better not to freeze in winter, to maintain 3C~7C in winter and 25C~28C in summer. In the natural distribution, there are streams in the producing area of orchids, which bear rain and dew all the year round, and the annual rainfall is required to be more than 1000 mm. Requires the upper layer of deep, humus-rich, dark brown loose and fertile soil with good permeability and water retention, PH5~PH6?5, avoid stagnant water.

Orchids like shade and require short sunshine time, which shows that spring orchids require shade density of 0.7-0.95; Huilan requires 0.5-0.8, and light time is slightly longer than that of spring orchids. Jian orchid, ink orchid and cold orchid also require large canopy density for shade.

Cymbidium plants have a dormant habit in their native areas, depending on the rainy and dry seasons. Usually the dry season in winter, is the dormant period of orchids, the rainy season in spring and summer, is the growing period of orchids, can continue to blossom.

(3) methods of reproduction

Orchids are commonly used in ramet, sowing and tissue culture.

1. Ramets can be carried out in both spring and autumn, usually every three years. All plants with dense pseudocorms can be ramified, and at least 5 connected pseudocorms should be preserved in each clump. Irrigation should be reduced before splitting, so that the basin soil is better than. When putting on the basin after ramet, first cover the bottom hole of the basin with broken tiles, then cover with coarse stones, occupy the depth of the basin from 5 to 1, and then put coarse-grained soil and a small amount of fine soil, and then plant it with sandy loam rich in humus. Planting depth to the false bulb just buried in the soil strength, the edge of the basin left 2 cm along the mouth, covered with green cloud grass or fine stones, and finally watered thoroughly, placed in the shade for 10-15 days, keep the soil moist, gradually reduce watering, and carry out normal maintenance.

2. The orchid seed of sowing and propagation is very fine, there is only one underdeveloped embryo in the seed, the germination power is very low, and the seed coat is not easy to absorb water, so it can not germinate by conventional sowing, so it is necessary to use orchid or artificial medium to supply nutrients to germinate. It is best to sow the uncracked fruit, sterilize the surface with 75% alcohol, take out the seed, soak it with 10% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes, rinse it with sterile water for 3 times, and then sow it in a culture flask containing the culture medium, then place it in a dark culture chamber at a temperature of about 25C, germinate and move to the light to form a protocorm. It takes half a year to a year from sowing to transplanting. Tissue culture has been successful, and this method can be used to propagate where possible.

(4) cultivation techniques

1. The site selection requires that the surrounding area is open, well ventilated, and close to the water surface, the air is moist and there is no soot pollution. In the southwest of the site, evergreen broad-leaved trees can be planted, and the canopy density should be about 0.7, which can reduce afternoon sun exposure and adjust humidity and temperature.

2. Rain Water or spring water is suitable for watering. Saline-alkali water should not be used. If tap water is used, the water should be shelved for several days. Watering depends on the air temperature, with less water in spring and more in summer; the plum rain season coincides with orchids sprouting leaves, and the basin soil should be slightly dry; the weather turns cool after autumn, and the amount of watering should be reduced to keep it moist. It is suitable to dry indoors in winter, reduce the watering times, and be watered at noon. Orchids can be caught in light rain, but continuous rain or torrential rain is prone to rotten hearts and rotten leaves, so pay attention to rain prevention.

3. The orchid should be fertilized with cake fertilizer, mix well with 4 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of bean cake and 10 parts of bone powder, put them in the jar, add water several times, soak the bean cake until it is soaked, then cover and seal, after one year of ripening, and then make into dry grains. Just put it on the basin when you use it. If whole dung is used, it should also be matured for one year and diluted with water. Generally began to fertilize in May, to the Beginning of Autumn stop fertilizer, master more thin fertilizer. Fertilization should be carried out in the evening, and fresh water should be watered again the next morning.

4. Shading and cold protection should be kept under the open shed except in early spring and winter. The shade shed is required to be well ventilated. Orchids can bask in the sun when they just come out of the room from March to April, and the shade time will increase gradually. In winter, orchids should be moved indoors to protect against cold and keep 1C~2C at room temperature. In addition, after the orchid leaves the house in spring and before entering the house in autumn, you should also pay attention to frost prevention.

5. The main diseases and insect pests of orchids are as follows:

(1) White silk disease: it mostly occurs in the plum rain season. Should pay attention to ventilation and light, basin soil drainage is good to prevent, after the disease can be removed with bacteria basin soil, sprinkled with pentachloronitrobenzene powder or lime can be.

(2) anthrax: it occurs all the year round, especially in the high temperature and rainy season. In addition to improving environmental conditions, during the onset period, 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800-1500 times solution can be sprayed for 7-10 days, and then supplemented with 1% equal volume Bordeaux solution, once every semimonthly.

(3) scale insects: the reproduction is the fastest under the condition of high temperature and humidity and poor air flow. Use the routine method to prevent and cure.

To sum up, in order to raise orchids well, we must grasp the natural growth environment, take reasonable measures and strengthen maintenance and management. According to the Formula of Orchid cultivation: "Spring does not come out, summer does not come out, autumn does not come out, and winter is not wet." this is the summary of our country's orchid cultivation experience.