New challenges to the balance of occupation and compensation of cultivated Land

The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation comes from the formal implementation of the new Land Management Law in January 1999, which clearly puts forward: implementing the compensation system for occupied cultivated land. In February of the same year, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued a document requesting the implementation of the "construction land occupation system." The concept of cultivated land occupation and compensation balance was clearly put forward, that is, how much cultivated land occupied by construction should be supplemented with cultivated land of equal quantity and quality. At the same time, on the basis of summing up the experience of land development and consolidation in various places, two important policies are put forward: one is the land replacement policy; the other is the 60% index offset policy. In 2004, the State Council issued Document No. 28, proposing the policy of "linking increase and decrease", that is,"encouraging rural construction land consolidation, urban construction land increase should be linked to rural construction land reduction". The key points of policy design are: through depreciation and reclamation of rural collective construction land, cultivated land increases, urban construction also obtains corresponding land indicators, and achieves multiple goals at one stroke. Closed operation of projects, strict project approval system, linked to the pilot approved by the Ministry of Land and Resources, the annual release of project indicators scale limit.

The basic logic of the policy of balance between occupation and compensation is: how much cultivated land is occupied, how much cultivated land needs to be occupied. To ensure our land red line. The basic logic of increase and decrease linkage is: how much rural construction land can be reduced, how much urban construction land can be increased, and balance indicators. The balance of occupation and compensation focuses on the development of cultivated land without decreasing the amount of cultivated land, and the increase and decrease are linked with the increment of construction land. The relationship between the two is no longer a relationship of how much to make up for how much, but an incremental relationship that emphasizes incentives to local governments.

It should be said that these two policies are still playing an important role in farmland management. In April this year, the People's Government of Hubei Province issued the Circular on Implementing the strictest System of Saving and Collecting Red Land, proposing to strengthen the protection of cultivated land and implement the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in accordance with the provisions of making up for the occupation of cultivated land, first making up for the occupation of cultivated land and making up for the superior. The construction land index and cultivated land occupation and compensation balance index, which are linked to the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and optimized by comprehensive improvement of rural land, shall be used with compensation.

The implementation of the policy of balancing cultivated land occupation and compensation and linking urban and rural construction land increase and decrease has played a positive role in our province. For example, from 2011 to 2013, Wuhan City approved 126,400 mu of cultivated land occupied by non-agriculture according to law, which was supplemented by various measures during the same period. A balance of occupation and compensation has been achieved. Yichang City has 6.0525 million mu of cultivated land in 2013, which has achieved the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation for 12 consecutive years. Allowing counties and districts to transfer redundant new cultivated land indicators within urban areas has increased the enthusiasm of net increase in cultivated land area in various places. The actual cultivated area of Huanggang City is 813. 590,000 mu and 4.87 million mu of basic farmland protection area, higher than the responsibility target issued by the provincial government for three consecutive years.

However, the balance between occupation and compensation and the policy of linking increase and decrease also face new challenges: mainly manifested in:

First, economic development relies heavily on cultivated land, and the situation of cultivated land protection is even more severe. Many places are in the accelerated period of industrialization and urbanization. With the acceleration of industrialization, marketization and urbanization, the quantity and quality of cultivated land are declining and intensifying. In some places, cultivated land reserve resources are scarce, and it is difficult to achieve the balance of occupation and compensation in urban areas.

Second, with the implementation of the State Council's opinions on further promoting the reform of the household registration system, a large number of farmers have poured into cities and towns, and it is difficult to avoid occupying a large amount of basic farmland for the construction of new countryside and the expansion of a large number of urbanization.

Third, the scale index of construction land is seriously insufficient. Some urban economies are in the stage of rapid development. All kinds of major projects are accelerated. Some cities and provinces issue annual land use indicators of less than 7000 mu, while the actual land demand reaches more than 20,000 mu. Illegal land use still occurs from time to time. The land use planning approved by the higher authorities in a city will increase the land use scale by 136 square kilometers by 2020, while in the past three years, it has exceeded 100 square kilometers. At this speed, it can only be maintained until 2016.

The fourth is to carry out top-level design for collective construction land entering the market. The relevant documents of the central government and the province put forward the key points of the reform of rural land use system, exploring the mechanism of collective construction land entering the market and rural residential land withdrawing with compensation. We should speed up the pilot project and formulate and promulgate implementation measures.

Fifthly, improve the performance assessment system of land conservation, link the annual new construction land amount with the new GDP added value, determine the GDP land consumption index, more accurately reflect the new construction land consumed by the annual GDP added value of a place, more accurately reflect the level of land resource conservation by a local economic development, and promote the local government to save intensive land.

Sixth, formulate preferential policies to encourage economical and intensive land use.

Seventh, improve the tax adjustment mechanism, collect urban land use tax in full, collect 20% of land idle fees, and increase tax collection measures.

In a word, the tax sharing reform has strengthened the centralization of the fiscal and taxation system, but it has also given birth to the development model of local governments generating wealth from land to a certain extent. Land finance has improved the enthusiasm and autonomy of local governments. According to statistics, in 2013, the revenue from land transfer fees of local governments was 3,907.3 billion yuan, 152.6% of the budget at the beginning of the year. In the first half of this year, the national total reached 2,112.9 billion yuan, an increase of 26.3% over the same period last year. With the deepening of rural land system reform, the advancement of various reform measures, the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the policy of farmland occupation and compensation balance is facing many challenges, new opportunities and new measures that need to be improved and explored.