What kinds of orchids are there in China?

Plant taxonomy divides Orchidaceae into families, subfamilies, genera, varieties or subspecies. according to this classification, Chinese orchids have the following species:

1) Chunlan

Chunlan, also known as grass orchid, mountain orchid, blossoming incense, referred to as orchid, the ancients called it weak feet. The villagers in Lanshan District are called Xiaolan.

Cymbidium is the most widely distributed orchid in China, with the most abundant resources, long cultivation history and the largest number of horticultural varieties. Its small plant, narrow leaves, pedicel erect, about 6-25 cm high, a flower, the ancients called a stem and a flower as an orchid. A small number of people with double flowers are called Bingtilan, which means auspicious. Although the plant of Cymbidium is small, the flower is larger. The diameter of the flower is generally 4-6 cm, and the maximum diameter can be up to 8 cm. The flowers are usually green and yellowish green, with purplish red stripes or spots on the perianth. The florescence is about one month (from mid-February to mid-March). Most of the orchids have fragrance, known as fragrance.

Chunlan has its own characteristics due to different producing areas, which can be divided into Jiangsu and Zhejiang Chunlan, Henan Chunlan, Hubei Chunlan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan inland Chunlan, southern Chunlan and so on.

2) Cymbidium

Also known as Jiuhualan, Jiujie Orchid, Jiuyu Orchid, the villagers of Lanshan District are called Gaolan, Dalan, Niulan and Shanglan. The ancients called one stem and nine flowers as Huihua, also called Cymbidium but not Huilan. A few areas are called Xialan or send spring.

The plant of Cymbidium is generally tall, with 13 leaves, 35 cm long and 0.5 cm wide, the veins of the leaves are thick and obvious, the serrated leaf margin is obvious and thick, and the pseudobulm is not obvious. Pedicel erect, pedicel diameter 1 cm, thin such as line incense, tall even leaf frame or leaf frame, generally about 35-80 cm high. With 5 flowers and 30 flowers. The flower is about 3.5-8 cm in diameter. The flower color is yellow-green or emerald-green, and the tongue petal is covered with green velvet fur and many purple-red dots. The flowering period is from April to early May, and occasionally blossoms again in autumn. Cymbidium flowers are widely distributed, and also distributed to the north of Qinling Mountains. The altitude of the native place is higher than that of Chunlan, and it is more cold-resistant, dry-resistant and sunny.

The leaf shape and flower quality of cymbidium produced in different places are slightly different, which can be divided into Jiangsu and Zhejiang, western Anhui and Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan inland and southern cymbidium, etc.

3) Sijilan

Commonly known as Jianlan, also known as Xialan, Qiulan. Some people also call it Magnolia, Junhe Orchid, male Orchid, female Orchid. Four seasons orchid is not all flowering, the general early flowering period is from June to Cold Dew, during which can blossom many times.

Cymbidium has a wide range of producing areas, which are found in the mountain forests south of latitude 30 °N in China, and generally live in mixed forests at an altitude of 300m to 400m. Due to the wide producing areas and a long history of cultivation, the plant shapes of Cymbidium produced in different places are different. Some people divide it into many series. Such as: Junhe system, Yuzhen system, male orchid system, female orchid system, jade pillow system, vegetarian system and so on.

4) ink orchid

Also known as New year orchid, happy New year Orchid, Fengshi Orchid. The leaves of Cymbidium are broad, generally 2 × 4.2 cm wide and about 25 × 80 cm long. 2. 5 leaves were born on the pseudobulm. The pseudocorm is larger, 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter. The leaves are glossy, the cross section is shallow "V'- shaped or spreading, and the leaf margin is usually unserrated. Pedicels erect, usually higher than leaf frame. Raceme, more than 20 flowers, flowers spread about 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals and petals are usually narrowly lanceolate, lips drooping and curling. The color of the flower is mostly lavender brown, decorated with dark purple brown stripes. The flowering period is from late autumn to February of the following year, with sweet aroma.

Cymbidium grows in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Sichuan and southern Guizhou to the south of latitude 26 °N. according to its characteristics, it can be divided into Taiwan, Daming, Guangdong, Yunnan, Jiangxi and so on.

5) Han Lan

It has been cultivated for only 30 or 40 years in our country. The florescence is usually in winter. Today, cold orchids, known as "Xia Han orchids", are found in southern Zhejiang, Sichuan Huili and northern Yunnan, and also in Lishui, Zhejiang.

The leaf quality of cold orchid is between Chunlan and Jianlan. The cuticular layer of the leaf is slightly thicker than that of Chunlan, but thinner and glossy than Jian Lan. The leaf sex is close to that of Chunlan. The leaf surface is smoother than that of Chunlan. The plant is taller, the leaf is 30cm long and 100cm long and 1cm wide, and the leaf frame is higher than that of Chunlan. There are 3-5 leaves and a few 6-7 leaves. The pseudobulb is large, long-ovate, smooth and with thick roots. Pedicel thin, erect. Raceme, 3-flowered 12-flowered, sepals narrowly lanceolate, sepals ca. 2-4 cm long and only 0.2-0.35 cm wide. The flower is 3.5 × 8 cm in diameter and its petals are shorter than sepals. It is generally 1 × 3 × 1 × 2 of the length of sepals, with pointed oval shape, well-developed lips and bright colors. According to the flower color sub-cold orchid is generally divided into green cold orchid (green stem blue and white), green cold orchid (purple stem blue flower), purple cold orchid (purple stem purple flower), safflower cold orchid, white flower (plain heart) cold orchid, yellow cold orchid, more yarn (inlaid color) cold orchid and so on.

Cold orchid is widely distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and southern Zhejiang. Cold orchid is divided into broad leaves and fine leaves, can also be separated leaves and soft leaves, fine standing leaf cold orchid is less, accounting for only about 1/1000 in the native land. The leaves of Magnolia lanceolata are thin and thick, the pseudobulm is large, the root is thick, and the leaf margin is serrated obviously.

6) Lotus petal orchid

Also known as Xiao Xue Lan, Beyalam. The distribution area is very narrow, and there are only native species in the western Yunnan and alpine areas of Taiwan.

The lotus leaf blade is thin and narrow, the leaf length is 50-80 cm, the leaf width is 0.5-1.2 cm. The leaves are clustered with 6-9 pieces, and the pseudobulb is small, generally only about 1 cm in diameter, but the root is stout, with a diameter of about 0.5 cm. The pedicel is erect, round and straight, with 2-3 flowers, the petals are thin, the hidden stripes are obvious on the perianth, and the flower is about 3.5-6 cm in diameter. Sepals lanceolate, petals long ovate, lips rolled up and down. The flowering period is from January to March, the flowers bloom and the aroma is rich and elegant. The representative varieties are "Da Xue Su" and "Xiao Xue Su". The color of the lotus orchid is as white as snow, which forms a sharp color contrast with the green leaves.

7) Multi-flower orchid

Also known as Taiwan Orchid, Honeybee Orchid, Pulan, Golden Edge, Square Orchid, producing area is known as Shilan.

Most of the orchids grow on the rocks, and some grow on the branches of big trees. The plant is generally 25 cm long and 40 cm long, the leaf width is 1.2 cm, the leaf tip is obtuse, the leaf is thick, and the cuticle on the leaf surface is obvious. Tufted leaves 4-6, mostly drooping, pseudobulm small, pedicel 15-30 cm long, easy to obliquely protrude or droop, dense 12-40 flowers, small flowers, sepals and petals are short and round, showing long ovate, lip drooping and curling. The flower color is red and brown, and the florescence is from May to early June. In recent years, white flower vegetarian heart, slightly fragrant horticultural varieties have emerged.

8) Spring Sword

The main resource areas of Chunjian are in Sichuan and Guizhou. Spring sword plant shape is tall, the leaf width is 1 cm 2.2 cm, the leaf length is 40 cm 100 cm, the leaf quality is like Chunlan. The florescence is also at the same time as Chunlan, with 2 to 5 flowers per peduncle, with a diameter of 4-8 cm, rich and colorful flowers, thinner petals with obvious hidden lines on the petals, with a better fragrance. The plants are usually strong with 5-10 leaves. The roots are thick and strong. The traditional famous species include "Dahong cinnabar", "Silver Bar", "Longchang Su", "Xishu Daoguang" and so on. In recent years, a large number of new varieties have been selected to form the characteristics of Sichuan orchid.

9) Xian Ye Chunlan

Also known as bean orchid, parrot green, etc., the main producing areas are in Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. The place of interest is generally in the dry mountain forest at an altitude of 500 to 2000 meters. The leaf shape is slender and narrow, with milk ~ 60 cm wide and 0.6 cm wide. The leaf width section is mostly V 'shaped, the leaf margin is serrated, and the number of leaves is 5' 7. The pedicel is generally about 15-25 cm high, the petal texture is thicker, the flower shape is straight and the flower crystal is flat-shouldered, and the flowering period is from January to March. In general, there is no withering capacity after 40 days of flowering. The flowers and colors are rich in Zhu Jin, pink, purple, yellow, complex color, white, purple and black, green and so on. Most of them have no fragrance. In recent years, a few scented Cymbidium have been found.