Maintenance methods and key points of national orchid in autumn

Maintenance methods and key points of national orchid in autumn

With the growing number of orchid friends, the improvement of orchid conservation methods and the discussion of theory and appreciation theory are becoming more and more active.

get up. For this reason, I collected some data and combined with my own practice of raising orchids to talk about some views for everyone to discuss and study.

First, in order to raise orchids well, we must first solve the problem of selecting seedlings:

It is the golden autumn, and it is a good time to buy orchid and grass. Nowadays, the price of bluegrass is based on the number of seedlings. The same variety is a little smaller.

Point, Reed head is a little thinner, even if there are 5 or 6 leaves, the price is 20% cheaper, while strong grass and new grass are generally slightly more expensive.

In fact, the author's experience is that I would rather spend more money on strong grass, new grass and front grass than old grass and weak grass.

Grass. The purchase of strong grass and new grass can not only ensure survival and flowering, but also produce strong seedlings or even strong seedlings in the early spring of the second year.

Ssangyong, the new seedlings will grow into grass at the beginning of the next summer. As long as they are planted properly, they will emerge again from May to June, and they will also grow after autumn.

Grass, and will produce flowers from September to October. By contrast, the old and weak grass may produce flowers that are not good-looking.

The grass comes out in late spring (May or June). The grass may grow not only slowly, but also not strong, due to "lack of milk".

At the end of 2000, it took less time and less seedlings than those who bought strong grass. Thus it can be seen that the view orchid not only depends on the number of seedlings in the orchid clump.

What's more, it depends on the strength of the young, the new and the old.

Nowadays, experienced orchid friends are looking for native species and old potted grasses. This is because locally grown grasses have been used to.

Accustomed to the test of the local environment and climate, although the conditions at home are slightly different after purchase, the overall environmental and climatic conditions are the same, because

As a result, it is easy to maintain and rejuvenate after purchase. in addition, buying grass from local or Jiangsu and Zhejiang Lanyou's home is easy to understand the situation of bluegrass in their home.

And character, so as not to buy diseased or viral grass. Grass from afar, the source is not clear, through twists and turns, even if it is well-known,

Orchid merchants with a good reputation can not be guaranteed to make mistakes, such as a batch of Chunlan inflows from overseas at the end of last year, with the Bailas virus.

At that time, it looked very strong, but as a result, a new seedling was born in the spring, and the disease was exposed, making the orchid friends miserable.

Second, if you want to raise orchids well, you must know orchid feelings and orchids.

Rejuvenation after the purchase of bluegrass is the second hurdle that orchid friends face. The author has also taken detours in this respect, at first

One-sided understanding of the saying "dry orchid wet chrysanthemum", using mud plus sand, brick mixture, rejuvenated for many years, bluegrass

Although it grows well, it is weaker than other orchid friends, produces less grass and grows slowly. Later, I saw an article from South China normal University.

Data, and then look back and carefully understand that orchids are wet and drought-resistant plants. In the past, we unilaterally understood orchid drought resistance as joy.

Huan is dry and breathable. In fact, the drought-resistant characteristics of orchids do bring a lot of confusion to New Orchid friends.

Good. It burns when it gets wet. Many orchids find it difficult to raise orchids. In fact, bluegrass is a plant that is both wet and drought-tolerant.

Passing it requires the basin soil to be breathable. Let's take a look at the root and leaf structure of orchids.

The root of orchid is also called mycorrhiza, which is composed of outer layer, middle layer and inner layer, which are called root quilt (protective layer) and root respectively.

Meat, vascular bundles, vascular bundles are mainly used to input water and nutrients to bluegrass, which come from root bacteria in root meat.

The decomposition and absorption of nutrients, the root fungus is a complex population, but it can only grow exuberantly under the condition of ventilation.

It is a symbiotic relationship with Langan. Therefore, in order to raise orchids well, it is necessary to cultivate strong roots, and the key to strong roots is to provide ventilation and dampness for orchids.

Moist conditions. This condition was difficult to master when using mountain mud in the past, but bluegrass is a drought-tolerant plant and the basin soil has been dry for a few days.

It doesn't matter. Starting from the experience of survival, the ancients had the experience of "dry orchid and wet chrysanthemum" and "would rather be dry than wet".

This condition is not the ideal condition for the growth of orchids.

Let's take a look at the structural and physiological characteristics of orchid leaves.

Orchid leaves have formed a special structure of drought resistance in thousands of years of evolution. Its upper surface is waxy (also known as leathery)

The structure is compact, which can not only effectively prevent the loss of water, but also make the light pass through its surface.

Photosynthesis of leaf meat. The lower surface is densely covered with stomata, the stomata are sunken, and there is kidney-shaped protective tissue at the bottom.

Leaves have significantly different effective photosynthesis time under different humidity. In the case of high humidity (1

The stomata of orchid leaves are always open, and the resistance of O2 and CO2 is low, so that photosynthesis can be carried out all the time.

When the degree decreases, the stomata are closed, which increases the resistance of O2 and CO2, and photosynthesis is carried out at a lower efficiency.

When the humidity is very low (less than 50%, equivalent to the humidity at noon in mid-autumn), the stomata are completely closed, and bluegrass only maintains its breath.

The photosynthetic response of absorption cycle shows that if the air environment with high humidity is not provided, bluegrass is mostly "on strike" during the day.

The growth of bluegrass is relatively slow, not to mention rejuvenation, emergence and flowering. Therefore, in order to make orchids grow rapidly, we must

Provide basin soil moist ventilation, air environment humidity conditions.

3. Cultivation and management of orchids in autumn:

1. The climatic characteristics of each stage in autumn:

(1) early autumn:

From the beginning of the Beginning of Autumn, the lunar calendar begins autumn, when the heat has not subsided, and the temperature during the day is still above 30 ℃.

The upper temperature is also above 25 ℃. At this stage, the temperature is on the high side, but it is caused by warm and humid air caused by typhoons in the Pacific Ocean.

The temperature dropped slightly, which made the bluegrass in short dormancy blossom and sprout one after another, entering the second year of rapid growth period.

For the physiological needs of orchid growth in this stage, the light is too strong and the temperature is too high, so the focus of management at this stage is the cover.

Shade, cooling.

(2) Zhongqiu:

Since late September, due to the strengthening of the north wind, dry and cold air, the frequent invasion to the south has reduced the daily average atmosphere in the Shanghai area to

Below 20 ℃, the temperature decreases day by day with the invasion of cold air to the south, and the humidity is relatively low at this stage, so it is very easy to take no measures.

New grass seedlings cause water loss injury and fall grass. In the old days, this injury was called "water chestnut dryness" (just when Jiangnan water chestnut was on the market)

In late October, the occasional strong cold air moves south, the temperature will instantly be below 5 ℃, and during the day under the sun

It is still above 20 ℃. At this stage, the temperature is between 10 ℃ and 25 ℃, which is the highest photosynthetic rate of bluegrass, but empty.

The air is relatively dry and can not meet the requirements of bluegrass growth, so we should strengthen watering and humidification, in order to prevent low temperature stimulation at night.

Protective measures should be taken to prevent bluegrass from entering dormancy prematurely.

(3) late autumn:

From late October to early December, the lunar calendar has entered the period of early winter, but meteorologically, the daily average temperature is five consecutive.

Below 10 ℃ per day is the beginning of winter, and bluegrass is generally still growing, so it is still the second fastest growing period of bluegrass.

At this stage, not only the air is dry, but also the temperature is relatively low at night, there will be dark frost in the early morning, and it is often foggy in the morning, so at night.

High humidity, low humidity during the day, this stage should be taken according to different grass conditions or take grass refining, or take heat preservation measures.

2. Management measures in autumn:

(1) the main growth contents of orchids in autumn.

The growth of orchids in autumn is much more colorful than that in early spring. first of all, the new seedlings at the beginning of the year have become grass and underground.

The third and fourth roots have grown, the leaves of the orchid on the ground have thickened, the head of the Reed has thickened, and the robust bluegrass has grown offspring in June, even in

The bud is pregnant at this time, and the robust seedlings of the next year should also blossom at this time; the new grass germinating in late spring (May and June) has experienced

After a brief dormancy in midsummer, the orchid leaves grow rapidly and grow into grass in August and September, and some in summer (June and July).

The new buds, which begin to spread leaves and grow roots, are expected to grow into grass in late autumn. At this time, the temperature (daily average) is at 30 ℃.

The humidity is very high at 70% and 80%, so it is the easiest to manage and the most imaginative time of the year.

The management measures at this stage are roughly as follows:

(2) shading and dimming:

The sun is strong at the end of summer and the temperature is too high. Shading measures can be adopted to continue the summer. In fact, the purpose of shading is mainly.

If not to block the sun, mainly to cool down, sunlight is not a factor to reduce the growth of bluegrass, the temperature is too high is to drop

The main factor of low bluegrass, shading can be cancelled in early September.

(3) watering, humidification and fertilization:

The temperature is high and the transpiration is large in early autumn. if no closure measures are adopted, the moisture in the basin soil will be lost quickly. in addition, bluegrass has already

When it begins to germinate, it needs to be replenished with more water. For this reason, watering should be strengthened, early and late if possible, and during the day.

Spray regularly to increase the humidity of the air, especially to take measures to ensure the humidity of the lower part of the basin soil, after more than half a year

Long, the plant in the basin forms a certain waterway, and every time it is watered, a large amount of water pours down along the gap reached, from the outside.

It seems that there is running water below, and the scales above seem to have been thoroughly watered. In fact, the basin soil is in the middle and below.

It is only slightly damp on the surface, and it will dry after one or two days, which can not satisfy the growth of Langen.

The bluegrass, the orchid root is long, the lower part of the original strong root, because of the long loss of moisture and dry replacement, so the bluegrass is getting thinner and thinner. There's only a way

Only by ensuring the humidity of the lower basin soil can we increase the power of the downward elongation of the orchid root, and the bluegrass is also easy to be rejuvenated. Bluegrass will sprout at this time

Long leaves have a great demand for nutrients. At this time, fertilizers based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in time to supplement bluegrass.

Enough to ensure the growth of bluegrass. After introducing and saying a few more words, whenever the orchid sprouts and grows roots and flowers, the bluegrass plant is formed.

When there is a new growing point on the body, bluegrass will continuously transport the nutrients stored in the body to the growing point, such as insufficient reserves.

Driven by some kind of growth system, bluegrass inputs all the nutrients in the old grass to the new growth point to ensure its growth.

Nurture and germinate, therefore, if the orchid clump grows weakly, the old leaves and seedlings will turn yellow and scorched, such as paying attention to phosphorus in daily management.

The supplement of potash fertilizer can relatively reduce the premature physiological elimination of old grass.

(4) deduct water to promote flowers:

The normally growing bluegrass should sprout in late summer and early autumn on the robust seedlings of the next year and the same year, such as improper management.

There will be a situation that you can't afford to spend after many years of cultivation. At this time, the measures of "deducting water to promote flowers" and "hormones to promote flowers" can be adopted.

The method is to first place the orchid basin without watering for 3 to 4 days, until the surface has been slightly dehydrated, and use 800% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)

) thoroughly, and then according to the normal management, come again in two weeks, so "buckle water to promote flowers" treatment twice, in the case of healthy orchids

The flowers can blossom in August and September. Under special circumstances, in order to ensure the success rate of "flower promotion", flower stimulating hormone can be prepared.

The name and formula of flower-stimulating hormone: mainly composed of bud-stimulating hormone + phosphorus and potassium

Budding hormone is composed of 6-BA (cytokinin), NAA or IAA (cell growth factor) plus auxiliary elements.

Dripping into the inside of the leaf sheath is to avoid the invasion of nitrogen, and the bud is easier to germinate in a nitrogen-poor environment.

Drop on the inside of the orchid leaf sheath, under the action of hormones, hidden buds will sprout into a bud, this method, has been raised in other places

Good results have been achieved in the application of Lan Dahuo.

four。 Maintenance of buds:

Bud is the essence of orchids, often growing flowers for many years before getting pregnant into a bud, so there are "grow flowers for a thousand days, enjoy flowers for a while"

"it is true that famous orchid products are not only rare in the world, but also difficult to bet on. It is not easy to encounter some" lazy flowers ".

Species, such as "Crown Yao Mei" in Chunlan and "Iron Bone" in Jian Orchid, are often full of strong grass and are difficult to breed flowers.

Lei

Wang Shuping, a famous Yao Yilan master, has only seen secondary flowers for more than 50 years.

Jinding first raised a pot of "Century Baoding" for nine years, only to produce "famous flowers", and a pot of "herbs" in Yunnan has gone through several waves.

Fold, ten degrees of spring and autumn, can show its Megatron Yunchuan fragrant appearance. Therefore, orchids can bud flowers and work hard on Orchid Friends.

It's the best reward.

The budding of orchids has a great demand for the nutrition of bluegrass. For a pot of 5 seedlings of spring orchids, one bud is enough, such as

The 2nd and 3rd buds should be thinned according to the following principles. First of all, strong flower buds should be kept strong but not weak. Strong flower buds are generally produced from the strong bluegrass head.

When sprouting, it has absorbed more nutrients, and in the subsequent growth, it is easy to absorb sufficient nutrients and flowers.

Good, strong fragrance, high appreciation value, on the contrary, lack of nutrients, open a crooked nose oblique valve, very regrettable. Secondly, we should leave it to go.

Dark, this is when the orchid bushes are luxuriant, we should leave the bud which is easy to observe and appreciate, and remove the bud hidden in the orchid.

It is easier for the former to put flowers and enjoy taking pictures, while the latter may not be able to take the best pictures.

Solve this problem).

For very rare varieties, and for orchid clumps with both flower buds and autumn buds, the strength, flowering and seedling increase of orchid clumps should be considered.

Considering all aspects comprehensively, in order to grow flowers for appreciation, priority should be given to keeping flowers, if considering from increasing seedlings and rejuvenation, it should be regarded as budding.

Time to consider whether to stay or not (before September-definitely stay, before November-carefully stay, after November, let it be buried under the basin soil to prevent outburst.

Theoretically speaking, if you open an arrow flower and produce an autumn bud, you have to pour a Miao Yeh on behalf of grass in spring. After the orchid buds, it is necessary to water it.

Be very careful, the pot soil should not be too wet, it is extremely appropriate to cause the flower buds to rot under the action of bacteria, so every time

Watering should be slightly less than usual, with seven or eight minutes. In order to avoid the drying of the lower basin soil, semi-high soaking basin treatment can be used.

The sample not only ensures the replenishment of the moisture in the lower basin, but also prevents the upper part which is easy to get wet. Some flowers, such as pots, are moist.

The petals will be lengthened or turned back, at this time, you can protect the basin soil from the end of autumn to dry, but this dry can not be too much, can protect

60% water holding capacity of 70% will be fine. Watering, spraying and fertilizing should not be sprayed directly on the bud as far as possible to avoid water stains and fertilizer.

The medicine burns and causes the bract shell. Sometimes a plastic cover or tin foil can be used to protect the bud.

For color flowers, different measures should be taken according to the color.

Color flower is a hot spot in the appreciation of orchids in the future. How to ensure that the flower color reappears after the flower bud reappears when it comes down the hill is a complex.

In addition to replenishing the corresponding minerals and controlling the acidity and alkalinity of the basin soil, shading and mending can also be used for miscellaneous and fine work.

Light and other measures to color. It is reported that:

Green flowers are less exposed to the sun, 0.2% 0.1% FeSo4 and 2% vinegar.

White flowers are less exposed to the sun, 0.3% and 0.5% lime water.

Apply 0.5% ammonium nitrate and urea to yellow flowers in the sun, and less potash fertilizer.

Red flowers bask in the sun and apply 0.2% 0.5% sulphur water.

Pink flowers bask in the sun and apply 1%-3% superphosphate.

Purple flowers bask in the sun and apply 0.3% 0.5% alum.

When necessary, make up the light for red, purple and black flowers, and use blue-purple light at night to increase the temperature appropriately.

The vast majority of light can be used to increase pigment.

five。 The departure or retention of autumn buds

Under normal circumstances, seedlings will still emerge in mid-autumn, for rare varieties, it is a good thing to be able to increase seedlings, but the growth is not.

Similarly, the effect on the whole pot of bluegrass is also different. When the orchid is robust, it can be divided into the following three stages to complete the seedling formation process.

.

The first stage: from the ejection of the soil to the opening of the leaf bud in the shape of a trumpet for about 20 days

In the second stage, the long root increased for about 40 days, but no obvious height was seen on the ground at this time.

The third stage, the rapid increase stage, about 30 days, this stage accounts for about 40% of the growth, there are difficulties in nutrition supply.

Or if the mother plant is not strong, it takes about 120 to 150 days.

In the first stage, the growth of bluegrass depends entirely on the nutrition provided by its mother. if it belongs to a strong orchid clump, it will produce 6-7 leaves, otherwise, it will only produce

When the nutrition supply is insufficient, the effective growth period of the second stage will be prolonged by 80 to 90 days (

Does not include overwintering days). At this time, bluegrass grows up with only a little nourishment from its mother and its own photosynthesis.

Growing bluegrass is generally very thin, if it is born in mid-autumn in September, it cannot grow into grass in that year, and it can only grow to the height of the grass to dormancy.

After successfully overwintering, the grass should be harvested by its own photosynthesis in the following spring, because the grass has absorbed too much in autumn.

Maternal nutrients will also affect the overwintering and seedling emergence of bluegrass in the coming year. Therefore, in addition to rare varieties, we encountered weak grass in mid-autumn.

It is also appropriate to sparse the buds.

On the other hand, strong bluegrass is different. with sufficient storage in the body, new seedlings can sprout in November after sprouting in September, although not.

For example, the spring seedlings are strong, but they are also more than 10 centimeters high, so that heat preservation can be taken to promote growth, and it will be on the Reed head from April to May next year.

Although it is difficult for his father to produce Ssangyong, it is still worthwhile in terms of the total amount. Strong bluegrass to the end of autumn, that is, mid-October

Below ten days, it will sprout, at this time, it is not appropriate to water more to promote its emergence, should be slightly dry (dry but not dry) maintenance, promote

Its growth in the ground, sometimes will give birth to the dragon root, this kind of bud can also be called winter bud, lurking in the basin soil, can get effective

Guarantee, otherwise, once the hair is opened, the wax layer on the surface of the new seedling is too thin, and it will face cold wind, frost, water stains in winter.

Liquid medicine and other damage, easy to scorch the seedlings.

six。 Conclusion:

Orchid is a kind of high-grade flower, which has been watched and preserved for at least thousands of years.

Since the introduction and popularization of the method of raising orchids with granular plants in the 1990s, the cultivation of orchids has been carried out.

Zhi has overcome the difficulties of survival and rejuvenation. Coupled with the continuous publication of various books on orchids, I believe that as long as I

We will be able to plant orchids and cultivate orchids by strengthening study and communication.