A brief talk on fertilization of Orchid

The agricultural proverb "A flower in a crop depends on fertilizer" is also very applicable to orchids. Orchid is a fertile plant, it is difficult to meet its perennial growth needs only by relying on the fertilizer in the plant material in the pot. If the orchid is planted in the pot for a long time, the nutrients in the plant material are gradually reduced, so proper fertilization is needed. Fertilization is not only one of the important links in orchid cultivation, but also a unique skill that is extremely difficult to grasp in orchid cultivation, so it is necessary to study, explore, practice and sum up carefully. First, the orchid needs the main fertilizer ingredient 1, nitrogen, mainly to promote the exuberant growth of stems and leaves, thick green leaves. When lack of nitrogen fertilizer, the leaf color is yellowish and the plant grows slowly. The content of nitrogen fertilizer is more in soybean cake, oil crops and urea. 2. Phosphorus can promote root development, plant enrichment, and promote the formation and development of flower buds and leaf buds. The content of phosphate fertilizer is more in bone meal, fish meal and calcium superphosphate. 3. Potassium can dissolve and transfer nutrients to the cells, make the plant firm, enrich the stem and leaf tissue, grow upright, and enhance the plant's ability to resist diseases and insect pests. Potassium-deficient plants will become short, the leaves will be soft and scorched, and even the growth will be hindered. Potassium is mainly contained in plant ash and potassium inorganic fertilizer. The above three fertilizers are the main fertilizer nutrients to promote the growth of orchids. What we usually call fertilization is also the main application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In addition, orchids also need calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and manganese, copper, boron, zinc and other trace elements in the growth process. But in general, there is no shortage of plant materials, and it is generally not necessary to add them. If it is missing, it can be solved by changing the plant material, or it can be applied with full-price synthetic organic fertilizer. Second, the types of fertilizers needed for orchids can be divided into two categories: organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, as well as highly efficient synthetic flower fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer. 1. Commonly used organic fertilizer: a, human and animal fertilizer, used after urine fermentation and retting, called "golden juice" in ancient times, mainly composed of nitrogen; manure from cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs can be used not only as dry fertilizer, but also into fertilizer and water, diluted and used. This kind of fertilizer contains a full range of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. B, retting fertilizer, the traditional use of many kinds of retting fertilizer, such as bean cake, rapeseed cake, fish water, chicken feathers, fish belly intestines and other bubble liquid fermentation, retting 3muri diluted use after 6 months, retting fertilizer in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is also more complete. C, grass juice, with spring or early summer growth of tender grass into water juice, the main fertilizer is divided into nitrogen fertilizer. 2. Commonly used inorganic fertilizers: the commonly used inorganic fertilizers are potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and so on. These inorganic fertilizers have different effects on orchids and contain certain inorganic salts, so they should be used with caution. 3. Efficient synthesis of organic liquid fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer: a, blue fungus king, full-valent nutrient elements, with the role of promoting root, accelerating bud and strengthening seedlings. B, plant whole, comprehensive mineral health ingredient, can promote root, accelerate bud, improve vitality, prevent virus infection and so on. C, Xishuo, natural algae fertilizer and soil improver, containing various elements and natural plant hormones, live bacteriocin, can resist cold, drought, humidity, inhibit virus infection and so on. D, promote root growth, integrate plant root nutrition auxiliaries, make the root more exuberant, so that the orchid plant grows rapidly and can inhibit virus infection. 4. Long-acting slow-release pellet fertilizers, such as "magic fertilizer" and "available fertilizer" made in the United States and "Yiduo" made in Taiwan, are put in the basin to release fertilizer slowly for many years. Third, the orchids need to be applied during the growing period of the year, the fertilizers needed are as follows: 1. Su fertilizer is used to break dormancy and promote early germination in order to win a longer growth period. When the temperature is more than 15c during the day and not less than 5c at night, it is better to spray inorganic fertilizer (such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and biological bacterial fertilizer on the leaf. 2. Sprouting fertilizer is applied to promote early sprouting and multiple sprouting, and to win effective buds in early autumn. After applying soda fertilizer, 7murmury could be applied in 10 days. 3. To promote root fertilizer, when the leaf buds extend around the 3cm, there will be a pause growth period, at this time gradually grow new roots, enter the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and then need more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to promote the rapid growth of new roots. 4. to promote fertilizer is to meet the rapid development, rapid growth and rapid maturity of new buds of orchid plants, and to sprout for the second time in late summer and early autumn, and to win the need for early development and maturity of the second crop buds. It is the longest and most frequent application of fertilizer in a year. It is better to use organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer alternately, root fertilizer and foliar fertilizer alternately. 5. Flower fertilizer is applied to promote the development and growth of flower buds and to achieve the purpose of many flowers, large flowers, colorful and fragrant taste. 6. cold-resistant fertilizer, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer 30 days before overwintering, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to facilitate overwintering, because phosphorus can lower the freezing point of plant cells, potassium can increase plant cellulose, stem and leaf cortex is tough, choose diphosphate and potassium hydrogen root irrigation or leaf application. According to Mr. Shen Yuanru, after Magnolia leaves the house in early spring, it will be fertilized twice before and after the Qingming Festival, with an interval of half a month each time; strong grass fertilizer should be applied during the budding period of buds and new roots; the grass grows very fast during the plum rain, and the sunny day is fertilized twice; when Lesser Heat, the orchid plant is thin and applied light fertilizer once; White Dew to the Autumn Equinox apply light fertilizer for the last time; if there is an autumn pole after Cold Dew, you can apply light fertilizer again. 4. The basic methods of fertilizing orchids there are two basic methods of fertilization: base fertilizer and topdressing. The fertilizer that is directly added to the plant material is called base fertilizer. Because it is difficult to master adding fertilizer to plant materials, and it is easy to breed diseases and insect pests, and it is also easy to burn roots and injure orchids, so it has been no longer used by orchid farmers in recent years. There are two methods of topdressing: root fertilization and extra-root fertilization. 1. "Root fertilization" is to pour fertilizer into the plant material and let the root system absorb it. The methods of root fertilization are as follows: "irrigation", "soaking" and so on. "Irrigation" is the most commonly used method, which is to pour the fertilizer liquid into the plant along the edge of the basin. "soak" is to soak the orchid basin directly in the fat liquid. The above two methods have both advantages and disadvantages. Only when they are used properly and applied reasonably can they be beneficial and harmless. Our commonly used root fertilization method refers to the first one. Root fertilization should pay attention to the following points: first of all, the concentration should not be too high, fertilization should be less, light, diligent, must not be excessive, otherwise it is easy to suffer fertilizer damage and cause death. Even if you are lucky enough not to die, it is difficult to recover from an injury. Secondly, when fertilizing, it is necessary to avoid splashing the leaf surface and pouring into the leaf center, especially after pouring into the forked new bud, it is easy to cause rot, and should be irrigated around the edge of the basin. Third, "soul water" should be watered, and "soul water" should be watered the next morning after fertilizing in the evening, which has two functions: one is to wash away the fat liquid stained on the orchid leaves, and the other is to remove the excess fertilizer that remains in the pot material, so as to avoid causing fertilizer damage and orchid plants. Fourth, the new orchid plant can not be fertilized, it must wait until the orchid root with more than 3cm length can be fertilized, otherwise the orchid will surely die. Fifth, do not fertilize in low temperature days below 10c °, high temperature days higher than 30c °, and cloudy and rainy days with saturated humidity. Sixth, the time of root fertilization is better in the evening. Fertilization in the evening is absorbed overnight, and water is watered again the next morning to avoid fertilizer damage. Such as fertilizing in the morning, irradiated by the sun during the day, the temperature in the basin rises, it is very easy to burn roots and seedlings. Seventh, resale grass within a year can not be organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer eighth, to deodorize, all kinds of retting fertilizer have a bad smell, the orchid can bear it, but it will bring calamity to the neighbors and cause conflicts. The odor lasts for a long time after indoor orchid application, so it needs to be deodorized. There are two ways to deodorize: one is to rett for a long time, it is better to rett for more than one year; the other is to put a little peel in the retting liquid, especially the orange peel, which can effectively remove the odor. 2. "foliar fertilization" is to spray the nutritious organic or inorganic aqueous solution on the leaves of orchids according to a certain dose and concentration, which plays a direct feeding role. Foliar fertilization has the advantages of low dosage, strong pertinence, fast absorption, obvious effect and low cost, especially for rootless and rootless orchid plants. Foliar fertilization should pay attention to the following points: first of all, spraying should be targeted, that is, Yilan plant in each growth period of nutrients and select the corresponding fertilizer, targeted supply. For example, the new bud growth period should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, and potash fertilizer should be added at the same time to play a role; potash fertilizer should be added when the new seedlings are mature to ensure the healthy growth of the plant; phosphate fertilizer should be added during the blooming period; and less nitrogen fertilizer should be sprayed in order to prevent excessive nitrogen fertilizer, chlorophyll increase and line art degradation. Secondly, the mixed use should be scientific, although the commercial foliar fertilizer is more complete, but do not always use the same variety, should be mixed and used alternately, learn from each other to make the nutrition more comprehensive. For example, the use of urea as foliar fertilizer is easy to grow and must be mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Generally, it is necessary to master that acid and base do not mix, and biological fertilizer does not mix with other fertilizers. Third, the concentration ratio should be appropriate, the use of concentration in strict accordance with the relevant instructions, it is forbidden to increase the concentration at will, otherwise it will be counterproductive, produce fertilizer damage, and even inhibit the growth of orchids. Fourth, the spraying time should be reasonable, foliar fertilization should not be carried out in the morning, generally, the sun can not shine on the leaf in the sunny evening, and it would be better to dry within an hour after spraying, which, on the one hand, is beneficial to the orchid leaves to absorb nutrients at night. on the other hand, avoid fertilizer damage and inefficiency caused by light, especially to prevent leaf heart effusion from causing rotten buds. In addition, the interval is not too short, it is better to take once every ten days or so, so as not to produce over-nutrition. Fifth, the spraying method should be fastidious, because the fertilizer should be absorbed into the body through the leaf stomata, and the leaf stomata are mainly on the back of the leaf, so the spraying mainly involves the back of the leaf, the nozzle should be upward, the fog point should be fine, and there are more opportunities for spraying on the back of the leaf. At the same time, the amount of spraying should not be too large, and it is better to keep the leaves from dripping, so as to prevent the accumulation of fertilizer liquid from the tip of the leaf. Sixth, the dormant period to spray less, low-temperature dormant period of the physiological activity of orchid plants weakened, generally do not absorb fertilizer. However, potassium dihydrogen phosphate which can improve cold resistance and biological fertilizer that can be easily absorbed can be sprayed once every half a month. At the same time, spraying a little foliar fertilizer on rootless and weak orchid plants can maintain their life and improve the survival rate. Seventh, careful spraying of growth hormone, growth hormone does have a good effect on plant growth and development, increase germination rate, promote early maturity, and increase yield, but its main function is to promote cell elongation, and crazy growth or even lodging will occur after application. It has an obvious effect on the health of the orchid plant, so it's better not to use it. Eighth, Ye Shi depends on the weather. On rainy days, the air is humid, the water is difficult to evaporate, and the fertilizer liquid stays on the leaf for a long time, which is easy to cause fertilizer damage. In high temperature weather, especially when the temperature is higher than 30c, water evaporates too fast, which will rapidly increase the concentration of foliar fertilizer and cause fertilizer damage, so it is not suitable to spray. Ninth, wash the leaves after spraying, and spray water once in the morning after applying fertilizer in the evening to wash off the residual fertilizer on the orchid leaves to avoid fertilizer damage caused by sunlight. Tenth, leaf application can not replace root application, foliar fertilization is an auxiliary means of fertilization, can not completely replace root application, can only make up for the lack of root absorption, otherwise it will cause root atrophy and poor growth. 5. pay attention to fertilizing orchid plants the technique of fertilizing orchid plants is both simple and complicated, and it is usually necessary to pay attention to the following points: first of all, different species of orchids need different amounts of fertilizer, such as cymbidium needs a large amount of fertilizer, while spring orchids need a small amount of fertilizer, as long as 1/5 of the cymbidium. Secondly, different cultivation substrates need different fertilizers. For example, hard materials such as volcanic stone and immortal soil should be fertilized more because they do not contain fertilizer, while humus and other plant materials need less fertilizer because they do not need to apply more fertilizer. Third, different seedling conditions require different fertilizers, strong seedlings should be applied frequently, while old and weak seedlings should absolutely not be fertilized, otherwise haste makes waste, and death will be accelerated. Fourthly, many kinds of fertilizers should be used alternately, and it is difficult to ensure the completeness of fertilizer by using a single fertilizer. generally speaking, it is better to use organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer alternately. Fifth, to look at the root fertilization, the short and thick root system shows that there is too much fertilizer, the root system blackens that there has been fertilizer damage, the root system length indicates the lack of fertilizer, and the root system is large and thin means that the fertilizer is seriously insufficient. Sixth, to look at leaf fertilization, such as blue leaves thin color light indicating lack of fertilizer, such as blue leaves thick color green indicates no lack of fertilizer. After fertilization, the leaf color is dark green, which shows that the fertilizer has been effective; if the leaf color remains the same, it means that the fertilizer is too light and the concentration should be increased. Seventh, the flower buds can not be fertilized during the flowering period, and the buds have a strong ability to absorb fertilizer but very weak to bear it. When the buds are exposed in the basin, fertilization will stimulate vegetative growth and inhibit reproductive growth, resulting in maldevelopment of buds, petals not stretching, and flowers shedding early. If you apply fertilizer at flowering stage, you will fail in flowering. Eighth, the application of animal fertilizer and plant fertilizer, must be fully fermented, can not apply fresh fertilizer, the application of fresh fertilizer orchid will undoubtedly die. Ninth, we should pay attention to fertilizer damage, the leaf color is yellow and the leaf tip is scorched after fertilization, indicating that if you use too much fertilizer or too thick, you should immediately water a large number of water or turn the basin and change the soil for rescue, otherwise you will surely die, tenth, and the three elements of fertilizer should be collocated scientifically. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all essential nutrients in the process of orchid growth and development. The effect of single application of nitrogen fertilizer without phosphorus and potassium will not be very good, and the overgrown leaves of plants are soft and easy to be infected with diseases and insect pests. On the other hand, the partial application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer lacks nitrogen fertilizer, the growth of orchid plants is short, the leaves are yellow and green, lack of luster, and the plants with few new buds are prone to aging, so it is necessary to deal with the relationship among the three elements, not to apply any kind of fertilizer, but to apply a little more nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of orchid growth, a little more potash fertilizer in the middle stage, and a little more phosphate fertilizer in the later stage. Fertilizing orchids is a science and knowledge, which requires serious study, active exploration, careful pecking and in-depth study. As long as proper fertilization, orchid plants will be able to grow and thrive, but also will make orchids pleasing to the eye, add endless fun, so as to truly achieve the purpose of edifying the mood and prolonging life. Please criticize and correct the inadequacies.