Three years' work of watering orchids one by one

Water is the source of orchid life and the foundation of orchid growth. Watering orchids is the most important link in orchid cultivation and management. The ancients said: "raise orchids a little bit, watering for three years." This is quite reasonable, it shows that watering orchids is a deep knowledge, which can only be mastered through long-term practice and exploration. The accumulation of previous practical experience and the exploration of modern science provide us with a shortcut. Their understanding of the problem of watering orchids is worth studying, thinking and studying. First of all, water is the source of the life of orchids. First of all, water is an important component of the protoplasm of orchids. The water content of the protoplast of orchid plant is generally more than 80%. If the water content decreases, the life activity will be affected. If the protoplasm loses too much water, it will cause the destruction of the protoplast and lead to the death of the plant. Secondly, water is the raw material in the metabolic process of orchid plants. Assimilation and alienation in orchid plants require the participation of water molecules, such as photosynthesis, respiration, hydrolysis and so on. Thirdly, water is the medium of metabolic process of orchid plants. Only when the nutrient elements in the cultivation medium are dissolved in water can they be absorbed by the orchid root system, and various metabolites must be transported to all parts of the orchid plant along with the water. Fourth, water can keep the orchid plant in its inherent shape. Only when there is a large amount of water in the cells of the orchid plant, can the cell expand, the plant stand upright, and it is easy to accept light and gas exchange. Once the orchid plant loses water, it will wilt. Fifth, water can regulate the body temperature of orchid plants. Water not only has high vaporization heat and specific heat, but also has high thermal conductivity, which is beneficial for orchid plants to maintain body temperature and emit heat, and to water orchids. One of its important functions is to regulate the body temperature of orchids. In a word, water is the source of orchid life and the foundation of orchid growth. properly meeting the water needs of orchid plants is the most important condition for orchid growth. 2. Two ways to supply water to orchid plants there are two ways to supply water needed by orchid plants: one is to absorb water from plants through roots and transport it to the whole grass through vascular; the other is to rely on orchid leaves to absorb water from the air to meet the metabolic needs of orchid plants. If you understand this truth, you will know how to supply water to the orchid plant. Third, the methods of watering orchid plants to supply water to the roots of orchid plants are as follows: irrigation, sprinkling (dripping) and soaking. "Irrigation" is to use a kettle to inject water along the edge of the basin. The advantage of this method is that the water will not reach the center of the leaf, but the disadvantage is that the watering speed is slow and it is difficult to water through. It takes repeated irrigation to achieve the effect of watering through. "sprinkle" is to spray water with a spray pot or shower head to wet the whole orchid environment, so that the water seeps from the soil surface to the orchid root and moistens the orchid basin. The advantage of this method is that the water can be watered through the whole orchid basin, but the disadvantage is that the water is easy to splash into the leaf heart, so you should be careful to use it, otherwise you will break your heart. "dipping" is to dip 3/4 of the orchid basin into the water together with the plant material. The advantage is that the water can be soaked, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to spread bacteria and is time-consuming and labor-consuming. Orchid cultivation experts often mix these three methods, and the effect is very ideal. There are two ways to supply water to orchid leaves: spraying and humidifying. "spray" is to spray fine mist with a sprayer, scattered directly on the orchid leaves, so that the orchid leaves are absorbed into the body through stomata. "humidification" is to increase the humidity of the air and let the orchid leaves absorb. There are also several methods of humidification: one is to use a humidifier to remove fog to increase the humidity of the space; the second is to increase the water surface and set up more water basins under the orchid rack to increase the humidity of the space by relying on water volatilization; the third is to artificially simulate rainfall and splash water fog to increase the humidity of the air; in addition, an oxygen pump is also used to help volatilize moisture in the basin, and so on. 4. The water quality of wild orchids watered by Rain Water is dependent on the growth of wild orchids, so the water for cultivation of orchids should be natural and pure, and it is better to be clean and slightly acidic. Rain Water is usually the best, river water is the best, tap water is the second, and well water is not available. There are many fertilizer ingredients in "Rain Water", among which spring rain is especially good, thundershower is better, autumn rain is second, artificial rain is forbidden, and acid rain is harmful. "River water, pond water" is collected by Rain Water, which is beneficial to orchids, but the river water polluted by industrial wastewater is not available. "Tap water" cannot be used if it is taken underground, but it is still Rain Water in nature if it is taken from the river, but after processing by the waterworks, there are disinfection and purification preparations, which are harmful to orchids and cannot be used directly. there are two solutions: one is to fill several cylinders with tap water, expose them in the open air, store them for many days, and use them circularly. Second, put in a small amount of peel, such as orange peel, apple peel, etc., and store it for one or two days before use, which is effective to change the quality of tap water. "well water" belongs to groundwater. First, the temperature is low, sudden watering is disadvantageous to the growth of orchids, and second, it is alkaline. There are more salts of calcium and magnesium in well water. Regular watering is harmful to orchids. Fifth, the timing of watering the orchid plant is "happy and moist but afraid of wet, like dry and afraid of dryness", this ancient saying has a lot of scientific truth. "wet", "moist", "dry" and "dry" are different in different degrees. "wet" is wet, and "wet" is too much water, which will make the orchid root suffocate and rot and die; too dry is dry, and "dry" is too short of water, which will wilt the orchid plant, grow frustrated, and even dry to death; and "dry" and "moist" are moderate moisture, which is the favorite state of orchid growth. In order to understand the key problems of "doing" and "moistening", we must carefully observe and experience in practice, and only by accumulating experience step by step can we really master it. There is no quick solution, and we must make "three years of meritorious service." Generally speaking, when the plant material on the basin is dry but not dry, and the hole at the bottom of the basin is moist but not wet, it is the best time to water the orchid plant. It is not necessary to wait for the basin soil to be completely dry before watering, otherwise it will have an adverse effect on the growth and development of orchids. 6. watering orchid plants should be based on natural factors, and different water management measures should be made according to various natural factors that affect orchid transpiration, such as humidity, temperature, light, wind, season, weather and so on. First of all, it depends on humidity. If the humidity in the air is low and the transpiration is strong, it is necessary to water more; on the contrary, the humidity in the air is high or even saturated, and transpiration almost stops, so it is necessary to water less or even without watering. Secondly, it depends on the temperature. When the temperature is high, the transpiration is accelerated, the water demand is large, and the watering times are increased accordingly; on the contrary, at the bottom of the temperature, the activity of water molecules is slow, the diffusivity is weak, and the water demand is less. Third, it depends on the light. Strong light transpiration accelerates the diffusion of water molecules and requires more water; on the contrary, less water is needed, so the light is different, the shade is different, and the management of water is also different. Fourth, it depends on the wind. When the wind is strong, the water evaporates quickly; when the wind is weak, the water evaporates slowly; the dry southwest wind will enhance evaporation, on the contrary, the moist southeast wind will cause the transpiration to be relatively weakened; the orchid basin located at the tuyere will evaporate quickly by the wind, while the water from the leeward will evaporate slowly. Fifth, it depends on the season, the temperature, humidity and light are different in different seasons, and the transpiration of orchid plants is also very different. There is more watering in hot and dry summer; less or no watering in plum rainy season; no watering in cold and cold winter; less watering in early spring with lower temperature; more watering in late spring when the climate is mild; more watering in dry autumn. Sixth, depends on the weather, the natural weather is changeable, different weather light, temperature, humidity are different, the transpiration of orchid plants is also different. The basic practice is: more watering in sunny days, less watering in cloudy days, no more watering in rainy days, and no watering in rainy (snow) days. According to this, it is difficult to have an accurate and unified management method for watering orchid plants, and the so-called "watering every few days" is lack of scientific basis. Seventh, watering orchids should be watered according to the situation of orchids. The general principle is "do not dry, do not water, water thoroughly." However, in the daily management, the situation is complex and should be analyzed and treated according to the specific situation of orchids. First of all, according to the growing season of orchids. Orchids should be watered more in the growing or budding period, less or not in the dormant period, more watering in the germination period, less watering after germination, more watering when the flower bud appears, less watering during the flowering period to prolong the flowering period, stop watering for several days after the flower fade, let it dormancy and then water again. Secondly, according to the growth of orchids. The orchids with strong growth are watered more, those with poor growth are less watered, the diseased plants are not watered, the orchids that need to be rescued are watered less or less, and the plants in the pot are watered more and less. Thirdly, according to the moisturizing condition of the cultivation substrate. The water consumption of the matrix with fine particles and strong water retention is slow (such as mountain sawdust, etc.), so it is necessary to reduce the watering times; on the contrary, if the water retention capacity of the matrix with thicker particles is weak (such as fairy soil), it is necessary to increase the watering times. Fourth, it depends on the texture and size of the bowl. Tile pots with strong permeability should be watered more, purple sand pots and plastic pots with poor permeability should be watered less, small pots are easy to dry, large pots are difficult to dry, and the frequency of watering is also different. Generally speaking, watering orchids should be treated on a case-by-case basis and should not be simplified a thousand times. Eighth, the time to water the orchid plant is also scientific in terms of time. Generally speaking, watering in the morning is better. Generally speaking, when orchids are outdoors in late spring and summer and autumn, it is appropriate to water them in the morning: first, after cooling overnight, the temperature of the plant in the basin is lower in the morning, and watering will not hurt the seedlings at this time; second, it is watered thoroughly in the morning and turned moist in the evening, there is no waterlogging in the empty basin at night, and the air in the basin is ventilated, which is conducive to the breathing and circulation of orchid roots and the growth of orchids. Third, if the water is watered in the evening, the water evaporates slowly at night, which is easy to cause waterlogging, but when the transpiration is fast during the day, the basin has been moistened, resulting in the situation of "waterlogging in the basin when it needs to dry, and lack of water in the basin when it needs to be moistened"; fourth, the temperature of the orchid basin is still high in the evening, sudden cooling with cold water irrigation will affect root water absorption and interfere with physiological balance. Fifth, at the bottom of the temperature at night, the cell activity of the orchid strain is weak, and too much water will cause bacteria to multiply, and it will also breed snails and slugs. When orchids are indoors in winter and early spring, the watering time is postponed appropriately, and it is better to be watered at about 09:00 or noon after the temperature picks up in the morning. On the whole, the principle of watering orchids is that it is better to water orchids in the morning, earlier when the temperature is high, and later when the temperature is low. Ninth, the amount of watering the orchid plant "watering thoroughly" is a standard to measure the amount of watering of orchids. What is "thoroughly watered"? The standard of "pouring thoroughly" is not only to make the water flow out of the hole at the bottom of the basin, but also to wet all the plant materials in the basin. Often watering once, although there is water flowing out from the bottom hole, it still can not reach the standard of "penetration". In order to make the plant material in the basin wet thoroughly, it can be fractionally watered or watered by the soaking basin method, for the dry granular plant material, the non-soaking basin cannot be watered through, but the soaking basin method should not be used continuously, and the orchid should be breathed at a certain interval. In addition, in winter and early spring, water consumption should not be too large, moistening is better. Ten, several points for watering orchids there are many other points for attention: first of all, pay attention to the water temperature. Do not use cold water to irrigate in winter. The water temperature should be close to the room temperature. It is advisable to use 8 mi 10 °C. Do not use hot water to irrigate in summer, such as using a water tower to store water, it is necessary to prevent excessive water temperature from harming orchid plants and orchid roots, the water temperature should not exceed 25 ℃ 28 °C, and should not be suddenly irrigated with cold water to avoid damage to orchid plants. Secondly, pay attention to humidity. When the air humidity is too high, it should not be watered or sprayed when it reaches 90 / 100C. During the day, the humidity should be 70mur90. Too much humidity will weaken the role of the root in absorbing water, affect the number of roots, and make the orchid plant lose its original power. Third, we should pay attention to the protection of new buds. During the period of new bud opening, it is appropriate to carry out root watering, and sprinkle and spray water as little as possible, otherwise water irrigation will cause waterlogging rot and cause loss. Fourth, we should be careful not to pour half a section of water. Some people mistakenly think that orchids can not be watered more, so they do not dare to water, often water half of the water, the pot material is wet and dry for a long time, causing the roots to dry up due to lack of water. Fifth, we should pay attention to less static water. When the water tower stores water for too long, the water molecules form chains, and the longer the time is, the more difficult it is to disassemble, and it is difficult to participate in metabolic activities. Sixth, we should pay attention to pouring "soul water". After fertilizing in the evening, the orchid plant can effectively absorb most of the nutrients through the absorption of one night. At this time, it is most in need of water, just like a person drinking tea after a meal, so it needs to be watered with "soul water" the next morning. It has two functions: one is to wash off the fat liquid splashed on the leaves; the other is to wash off the residual fertilizer in the basin to prevent fertilizer damage. Seventh, be careful not to water too often. Orchids have a great tolerance to water, and they are relatively drought-tolerant plants, and a little drying has little effect. On the contrary, it can not be wet, 24 hours of water will cause suffocation, daily cultivation, the vast majority of people love orchid too much, watering too often, resulting in root rot, resulting in plant death. Eighth, we should pay attention to "acid rain". If Rain Water is used, two kinds of Rain Water are not available. One is that acid rain water cannot be used to water orchids. The so-called "acid rain" means that sulfides, fluorides and other acidic substances suspended in the air fall when it rains to form "acid rain". This water must not be used to water orchids; second, artificial rain water, rain bombs contain chemicals, these substances are dissolved in Rain Water, used to water orchids will also corrode the orchid root. Ninth, we should be careful not to spray water at will. "spraying water" is necessary, in addition to replenishing water, it can also keep orchid leaves fresh, which is conducive to orchid leaf respiration and photosynthesis, but it can not be sprayed at will: do not spray in strong sunlight; do not spray in hot weather; spray less when it is difficult to dry without wind; do not spray water with impurities; do not spray when the humidity is too high in rainy days, and so on. The above is the basic experience about watering accumulated by predecessors in the practice of cultivating orchids, which is worth using for reference. However, there is no definite "method" for watering orchids, and only through personal practice and gradually accumulating experience can it be integrated and applied freely. Please correct the inadequacies of the experts.