Cultivation and Management of Orchid

Field institute

The orchid shed should choose the place with the back west to the east, the southeast direction is empty, and the west back direction has high walls or big trees. Can not only see the early sun, but also block the scorching sun. A courtyard with clean air and a certain degree of humidity. Pay attention to ventilation, exposure, avoiding the hot sun, avoiding smoking and so on. If built on the roof or floor balcony, in addition to the shade above, mainly hang curtains in the northwest to prevent the grass leaves from being burned by the setting sun after noon. It is best to use mud or a clear pool under the orchid shed to keep the air around the orchid shed moist. And pay attention to the cleaning of the ground to prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests. When the outdoor temperature drops to about 0 ℃, the orchid pot must be moved indoors to prevent frostbite.

Orchid basin

Tile pots are used in traditional orchid cultivation. Because the traditional plant material is orchid mud, the mud foam is very fine. In order to make Langen ventilated, an earthen basin was used. Due to the change of plant material and the need of viewing, sand basin and glaze basin are mostly used. Because the orchid root is slender, it is better to have a high waist and open trumpet-shaped round basin. In order to facilitate the discharge of water, the diameter of the basin bottom hole should be large, and in order to strengthen the air objects inside and outside the basin, the basin base should stand high and full. Porcelain pots are seldom used because of their poor air permeability.

Planting material

1. Orchid mud: soil accumulated in rock grooves by decaying leaves, which is soft, draining and fertile. The PH value is between 5.56.5.

two。 Fire-baked soil: granular soil left by barbecued surface soil that produces weeds.

3. Fairy soil: the granular soil, which is excavated and developed by Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province, is divided into three specifications: large, medium, small and small.

4. Pine cypress orchid stone (volcanic rock); made in Taiwan, divided into three specifications: large, medium and small.

5. Keystone: a continuous bubble body made in Taiwan with alpine ore as raw material after technical treatment. It is divided into three specifications: large, medium and small.

6. Planting stone: made in Japan, it is divided into three specifications: large, medium and small.

7. Emperor stone: made in Japan, natural breathable porous stone.

8. Perlite: strong drainage, moisturizing and air permeability.

Orchid shed

Orchids like shady and ventilated places, if there is no shade outside, they will be exposed to the hot sun and rain. Traditional orchid sheds are covered with bamboo shelves with cloth curtains and bamboo curtains. Sunny days cover the hot sun, rainy days, open the curtain at night to let the orchid bathe dew. Modern orchid sheds are mostly made of metal, with sunscreen and plastic sheeting to protect against the sun and rain. The orchid platform can be divided into steps and tables, which is easy to manage. Indoor maintenance, no need to build a shed.

Planting

After the preparation of orchid field, orchid shed, orchid pot and planting materials, orchids can be planted. First of all, soak the orchid basin with clear water, cover the bottom hole with a plastic net, cover the bottom with coarse stone or coarse immortal soil, and the height is 1 inch 3 of the depth of the basin. If you use coarse-grained fairy soil, you must first soak it in water for ten days. To be put into the orchid, straighten out the orchid root, put into the medium-grained fairy soil or coarse-grained flower mud. Place an inch away from the mouth of the basin and enrich the false scales of the orchid with the finest fairy soil or orchid mud, and then cover with a layer of fine-grained immortal soil or fine pebbles. When placing orchid seedlings in the basin, we should pay attention to leaving room for future new seedlings. After watering and shading for a week, it can be normally put into the orchid shed for maintenance.

Fertilizer

Due to planting materials, flowerpot renewal and modern inorganic fertilizers replace traditional organic fertilizers because of their safety, cleanliness and convenient operation. The commonly used ones are:

1. American-made "Huabao" points 1.2.3.4.5.

No. 1: N-P-K for 6-7-9 to promote rhizome strength, diluted 1 × 1000

No. 2: N-P-K is 20-20-20 year-round available, diluted 1max 2000

No. 3: N-P-K 10-30-20 to promote buds, diluted 1max 2000

No. 4: N-P-K is 25-5-20 strong orchid head, diluted 1max 1000

No. 5: N-P-K for 30-10-10-strong seedlings, diluted 1pm 1000

two。 Liquid Huabao made in Japan.

3. Jialanbao made in the United States. N-P-K is 20-30-15

4. Sichuan Huakang three-in-one nutrient solution.

5. Sichuan Huakang high efficiency compound fertilizer.

6. Haokangduo No. 1 compound fertilizer (granule) made in Japan. N-P-K is 14-12-14.

7. Japanese-made "flower root flourishing". (powder).

8. Japanese-made "Zhixiang" (granule). The N-P-K is 5.3%, 6.9%, 5.4%.

9. The Netherlands produces mysterious fertilizer (granules). The N-P-K is 14%, 6. 8%, 14%.

10. Taiwan produces "easy to fertilize". The N-P-K is 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.3%.

11. American "New Dharma" Orchid Special Fertilizer, divided into 5.

No. 1 N-P-K is 7-7-7 average fertilizer.

No.2 N-P-K is 10-5-5 Fei Mao Fei.

No. 3 N-P-K is 7-9-5 special average fertilizer for dwarf.

No. 4 N-P-K is 3-12-6 wide fertilizer irrigated head fertilizer.

No. 5 N-P-K is 9-3-6 leaf fertilizer.

twelve。 Blue fungus King (strong rooting, sprouting agent) diluted 1max 500.

13. Japan produces long regulator Aiduo diluted 1max 6000.

Diseases and insect pests and their control

Orchid diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention, prevention is more important than control. In order to prevent diseases and insect pests, first of all, it is necessary to make orchid production robust, enhance their own resistance, on the other hand, to keep the environment clean and hygienic, properly ventilated to prevent infection.

1. Scale insects often occur when the water of orchids is too wet and not ventilated.

50% trichlorfon 1 hand 250 liquid spray.

5% malathion 1 stroke 1000 liquid spray.

50% phoxim 1max 1000 liquid spray.

50% dibromophos EC 1ram 1000 liquid spray.

two。 The common tips of mites are red spiders and mites.

Mites must die. 1max 1000 liquid spray.

Kill mites by 1pm 2000 liquid spray.

Acarazone 1max 1000 liquid spray.

3. The thrips were diluted and sprayed with Dan, 1605, Ledu and so on.

4. Aphids were diluted with 1605, malathion, lindane and chloramphenicol.

5. The source of black rot is Pythium. Spray with methyl topiramate, stone flow mixture, carbendazim and other agents.

6. Mycosis is also known as white silk disease. Disinfect the soil and burn the diseased plants.

7. Brown rust is caused by wet basin soil or cold attack.

8. Bacterial soft rot can be sprayed with Bordeaux solution, methyl parathion and so on.

9. Leaf spot, also known as tillering rot, is mainly harmful to new buds and leaves. Diseased buds and diseased leaves can be removed by spraying with 0.01% boric acid solution, Dikushuang, disulfide and so on.

10. In pathogenic diseases such as Balas's disease, viruses are guided by proteins to form virions, destroy cells, and immediately replicate toxic nucleic acids to form protein shells. It spreads mainly through infection. So far, there is no specific cure.

Insecticide (fungicide)

1. Sichuan Huakang No. 1 (highly effective compound insecticide).

two。 Sichuan Huakang No. 2 (high efficiency compound fungicide).

3. DuPont Yili (fungicide) is produced in Taiwan.

4. Taiwan produces Suba emulsion (insecticide).

5. Taiwan produces "green pigment" for the prevention of toxin disease and Bayas disease. (particles)