Appreciation terminology

First, although the color of the orchid is relatively simple and simple, there is no other flower demon charming and beautiful, but its quiet color and elegant charm is difficult to compare with ordinary flowers. According to the orchid in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, green is traditionally the best, especially the tender green is the first, the old green is the second, the yellowish green is the second, and the red green is the second. All the red flowers, the total Israel glutinous is the top grade, the color is dark and purple is the lower grade. For other orchids, the evaluation of color varies from place to place.

Second, in the outer three petals of shoulder orchids, the central vertical one is called the main valve, and the left and right lateral arrangement of the two petals is called the side valve. The so-called "shoulder" refers specifically to the form of the accessory lobe: the first one is horizontal, which is called "one word shoulder", which belongs to the top grade; second, when the relaxation valve is around, the two side lobes droop slightly, which is called "shoulder drop". This form is inferior. The third is that as soon as the flowers are in full bloom, the sidelobe falls sharply and forms a triangle with the main lobe, which is called "big falling shoulder", "tripod horse" and "eight-character frame". If it is in this form, even if the petal shape, no matter how good the flowers are, due to the bad posture of the outer tripetal, it is inferior; the fourth kind is the side lobe slightly upward, called "flying shoulder", is a noble product.

Third, holding is the two short valves that are vertically close to the outside in the middle of the inner three valves (slightly shorter than the outer three valves). The holding flap is mainly smooth and can be divided according to its form:

The silkworm moth is shaped like a silkworm moth. It is also divided into hard and soft, such as Lvying, Rong Xiangmei, Liang Ximei and Yichun Xian in Chunlan, and Dapin, Peixian, Dangzi, Lou Mei, Duanmei, Cui Mei and Qinghua in Huilan.

Guanyin holding (commonly known as Guanyin Dou) is similar to the mythical Guanyin Bodhisattva, with a hood shaped at the front end, such as the dragon character in Chunlan, Chun Yipin, the old dyed character in Huilan, and so on.

Bean shell holding valve tip is more round and obtuse, petal meat thick, pocket-shaped, similar to the shape of one end of broad bean shell, such as Guanding in Cymbidium.

The clam shell holds each petal like an empty clam shell, such as Changshu, Da Kuihe in Chunlan, Tesu in Huilan and so on.

Scissors hold the petal like scissors, such as Wentuan in Chunlan, Hua Zi and Red Tuanzi in Huilan.

Crab forceps hold the valve raised in the middle of the back and flattened at the tip, especially Wannianmei in Cymbidium.

Cat ears hold the front part of the petal upwards, shaped like cat ears, such as bee Qiao and Duoyun in Huilan.

The short round holding petal is short and round, and the back of the petal is curved, such as Zheng Tonghe.

Pu fan holds the petal short and round, but the back of the petal is curved, such as the western god plum in the spring orchid.

Although there is no pocket shape, the tip edge of the valve is slightly unspeakable, such as the capping charge in the spring orchid.

The above various forms of holding the flap, with the silkworm moth as the top grade, Guanyin as the second, the rest are inferior, of course, but also combined with all kinds of petal to be treated differently. In addition, in the posture of holding the flap, some of the two pieces are separated or partially connected to each other, or even mixed with the nose (stamen) and tongue (lip flap), so they can be divided into three forms:

The five-lobed nest and two holding petals are separated respectively, and the base of the petal root is born at the confluence of the outer three-petal base.

The tips of the two valves are separated from each other, and are connected as a whole from the middle to the base of the flap.

The shoulder-closed dorsal flap is connected with the nose and tongue to form a massive whole, or the tip of the valve is slightly separated from the nose, such as Cai Mei Narcissus in Chunlan and Pan Green in Cymbidium.

The above three kinds of petal implantation forms, sometimes the same variety due to the evolution of genetic factors, there can be not only five petals divided into nests, but also split heads and closed backs, but connected households are limited to a few varieties. Generally speaking, the shape of the five-lobed nest is the most beautiful, followed by the split head and the back, and the shoulder and back is the worst.

Fourth, the tongue is the labial flap, which is located below the stamen, and its shape can be distinguished as follows:

1. Bangs tongue is round and upright, slightly upward, and the tip of the tongue is slightly pocketed, such as Chunlan, Song Mei, Xi Shenmei, Cymbidium, Peixian and so on. However, due to the relationship between dryness and humidity or fertilizer effect at flowering stage, there is also a slight sagging at the tip of the tongue.

2. The big round tongue is large and round, with a slight downward inclination, such as Tangmei, Wang Zi, Xiaoda, Yuezhu, Cui Yipin, Yi Chunxian, etc., and Cymbidium in Rongmei.

3. Ruyi tongue is similar to jade carving handicrafts, such as head-shaped, flat hanging, not rolled, such as Chunlan Qinmei, Yuanhu first plum, Taiyuan plum, green English, sky green, square characters, etc., Huilan Zhongda, Pan Lv, Qinghua and so on.

4. The shape of the big spread tongue is slightly larger and longer than the big round tongue, and it is dragged down, such as the dragon character in Chunlan, Caiyun Tongle plum, Taiji, Xizi (when opening the lotus-shaped daffodil valve), Lou Mei and Bilian in Cymbidium.

5. The tongue is hard but not comfortable, and the tip of the tongue is in the shape of a concave micro-pocket, which is based on the normal opening of Cymbidium Cheng Mei, Cui Mei and Jiejie.

6. The tongue shape of large curly tongue mostly occurs in the middle of Cymbidium, and the tongue is long and then files, such as Taisu, Hua Zi, Chituanzi, Songjiang Dahe, Wang Yangmingsu and so on.

7. The tongue of big persimmon is shaped like a persimmon, such as the big Chen character in Cymbidium.

8. The center of the tip of the tongue is concave or emarginate, such as Fengqiao in Huilan and double tongue plum in Yixing.

9. The double tongue has two lip flaps side by side, which is a rare form in orchids, such as Chunlan.

The tongue is always short round and upright, such as pointed, narrow or crooked shape. The color of the tongue is light green and white (white is the most expensive in spring orchids and green is the most expensive in cymbidium). According to the experience summed up in the form of petals in the art and orchid circles of our country, the petals of plum petals are tight-edged and held hard, and most of them are pointed such as Italian tongue and hanging tongue. Any big tongue, bangs and big round tongue will be able to relax, but it can be found in plum-shaped daffodils. As for the Fang Sheng tongue and the square version of the tongue, the flowers are slightly wrinkled, while the slightly missing tongue is born with wrinkled corners. In addition, if the tongue is not comfortable in the heart, it is called the flat tongue, the side is called the crooked tongue, and the comfortable one is called dragging the tongue. These are all inferior products in the tongue. If the tongue and nose adhere together, it is said that there is no tongue, which is inferior. For those who have just bought newly fallen mountain flowers from orchid vendors (that is, natural wild orchids have just been dug up from the mountains at that time), if the tongue is round and drooping, it is not easy to become inferior when they return to flowers the following year.

Fifth, moss is attached to the tongue fluffy, to uniform fine color waxy as the top grade, thick and dark color is inferior. Green and white are the best, followed by yellowish. As for the all-red moss color, it has not been found in Chinese traditional orchids.

6. The nose is the stamen. Its shape must be small and flat, so that the petal can be held tight, the flower shape can be handsome, if the nose shape is thick (commonly known as big head), the two petals are bound to open, this form is commonly known as "skylight", no matter how good the three-petal flower shape is, it can't be used as a top grade.

Seventh, the scarlet dot is a red dot on the tongue, and its color must be bright, clear, bright and well-distributed in order to be regarded as top grade. In short, it should arouse people's sense of beauty. The red spots on the tongue of Cymbidium are one-point, two-point or font-shaped, as well as block-shaped or Yuanbao-shaped. Cymbidium and other red spots and blocks on the tongue are different from Chunlan in that they are mostly scattered, dense and dark in color. The tongue with many flowers on one stem is slightly older and the moss is more colorful than the spring orchid, so the colors reflect each other and are more colorful.

The stem is the flowering stem of an orchid. Chunlan is short, generally 0.2 cm thick, better than 10 cm. If it is dwarfed in the foliage of the basin, it is difficult to see due to masking, which hinders its elegant appearance (except the genus Gaihe in the short leaves). The flower stem of Cymbidium is stronger and taller, and the flower stem is generally 0.3 cm thick and more than 20 cm higher. The flower stems of Chardonnay and Magnolia are thicker and taller. According to the traditional evaluation, Cymbidium with large flowers and fine peduncles is the most expensive, commonly known as lantern peduncles, if small flowers coarse peduncles, commonly known as wooden peduncles, is inferior. The pedicel is always straight and round as the standard. Color, in the spring orchid to blue and dry blue and white as the top grade, such as Songmei, Lvying and so on; in the cymbidium, the pedicel is as white and green as jade, the stem is tall and the flower is large, which is one of the most graceful varieties of Cymbidium. In Chixiu, it is better to have a thick stem, such as Cheng Mei Gan, which is quite spectacular. Although the pedicel takes the fine circle as the top grade, but this is relative, as long as it matches with the flower shape and flower shape, it still belongs to the top grade. The color of the orchid pedicel, according to the "Guang Qun Fang Spectrum", said: "Purple peduncle blue flower is the first, green peduncle blue flower is the second, purple pedicel purple flower is second, the rest is not included in the product."

9. Before the outer three valves of the Phoenix eye are budding, the tips of the main valve and the accessory valve are connected to each other, where the edge of the main valve and the side valve bulge each other and the gap is exposed in the middle, the root of the tongue is exposed, and the side of the heart can be seen in the middle. This area is called the Phoenix Eye. If the Phoenix eyes are big and deep, the petals must be wide and have a pocket, and will not fall on the shoulder.

When the Phoenix eyes are exposed, the top of the cover on both sides of the back of the petals is called upper and lower, and the lower chest is called lower.

Eleven. The young buds of Cymbidium are commonly known as bell. When the pedicel grows to a certain height, there are young flowers above the bell, showing a vertical shape, close to the pedicel, this form is called small row bell. The young bell flower stalk leaves the stem horizontally and is called a large row of bell. At this time, the petal is about to bloom and bloom gradually.

12. When Cymbidium is about to have a large row of bolls, the flower stalk of each flower bell on the pedicel grows horizontally, with the flower heart facing outward, which is called turning stem, commonly known as digging, turning, turning, and so on.

The middle nest is the general name of the whole part of the flap and nose. The middle nest of plum valve and daffodil valve is shaped, and the nest is tight; the middle nest of lotus valve and butterfly valve is relatively wide. The middle nest must match the outer three-petal shape in order to appear graceful and handsome.

14. The pocket specifically refers to the shape of the flesh tissue at the tip of the holding valve, which is determined according to the size, depth and thickness of the inner roll shape of the edge of the holding valve. If according to its thickness, size can be divided into soft pocket and hard pocket; according to the depth can be divided into deep pocket and shallow pocket.

15. The root angle refers to the wide and narrow shape of the outer three petals of the orchid, which involves the beauty and posture of the flowers. It gradually narrows from the central part of the petal amplitude to the petal root, and gradually relaxes from the central part of the petal amplitude to the tip of the petal, and then gradually shrinks and rolls inward at about 0.4 cm at the front of the tip of the petal, converging into a micro-pocket shape of the tip of the petal. the intersection of this section is called the angle of release. In the lotus petal and the lotus daffodil petal, the root angle phenomenon is the most significant, the daffodil petal is not so obvious because of the oblong petal, while the plum petal, especially the ten-legged plum petal, has no root angle because of its round shape.

16. In the tight outer three valves, the edge of each valve is slightly involute, the more from the root of the valve to the anterior part of the valve, the more obvious the micro-roll, while the band widens and the edge of the valve thickens, and then extends at the angle and the tip of the valve converges with the other edge of symmetry, converging into a pocket shape. This kind of inner winding tape is called tight edge. The tight edge of the plum valve is thick, the daffodil valve is thinner, and the lotus valve is the thinnest (similar to the vegetarian lotus valve).

Seventeen, when the chicken beak bud just breaks the soil, the bract tip is relatively closed, there are tight kisses together, differential or split, are called chicken beaks. If the bract tip has a white jade hook or body texture, the vast majority of plum petals, daffodils petals.

Fine flowers and row flowers are called fine flowers with plum, lotus, daffodils, vegetarian hearts and odd petals; all flowers with three outer petals and clasping petals are pointed and narrow in the shape of chicken claws or bamboo leaves, are all called row flowers or coarse flowers.

Nineteen, natural wild orchids, after potted domestication, continue to breed buds, called Fuhua. A resurrected bud at intervals of several years is called compound flower.

20. Orchid cream is also known as life dew. When the cymbidium flower turns to be in full bloom, at the end of the flower stalk (next to the flower stalk), there is a drop of fine crystal clear gel, which tastes like honey, and if wiped out at will, it is easy to cause the flower to wilt early. Orchid ointment is rarely seen in spring orchids, or occasionally it is a tiny dot.

21, hairpin, also known as short bottom. It refers to the short flower stalk of each flower of Cymbidium.

22. The sheath is one of several layers of bracts close to the flower, also known as the fleshy bud. This kind of bract is wider, thicker and longer than other orchids in Chunlan species, some are placed behind the main petal, some are lateral, and some are planted on the front of the pedicel far away from the flower. The inner bracteoles of Cymbidium, Jian Orchid, Qiu Orchid, Cold Orchid and New year Orchid are always placed at the end of each short flower stalk, and its base is half wrapped on the flower stalk, and the first half of it is expanded and open. Where there are a variety of petal-shaped flowers of the small buds must show a strong different color, and there is light, Chunlan is the most obvious. If the color is light and thin, the petal flesh is also thin; if there is a different color on one side, when there is no pocket on the other side, there is a pocket on one side and no pocket on the other side.

23. Those who hold the tip of the valve white or with thick fleshy pockets are called skillful species, and those who have no white head or slightly shallow pockets are called officials.

24, the flower of the orchid is soft, and the petals are stiff and insufficient. Mainly in the cymbidium, there is often a phenomenon of literacy, such as the flowers open first from the top flower, and is weak, the lower flowers are often stiff, or budding uncomfortably. On the other hand, the distance between the flowers on the scape is too close, and the flowers are unable to bloom and so on. All this form is the worst form.

For example, when potted flowers fall from the mountains, due to excessive injuries to their roots and leaves, the flowers on the flower axis gather densely, shaped like a feather broom, also known as ball blooming.

25. When the core tip bud is budding, the bud exudes the bracteoles and exposes the tip or the whole shape. According to the core tips of Cymbidium and Cymbidium, there are many forms, which are listed as follows:

1. Chunlan

(1) the upper and lower parts of the lotus seed are almost equal in shape, similar to the lotus seed. In this form, the three valves are fleshy, with a sharp and heavy white head (that is, a fleshy pocket with a slight halo at the tip of the valve), with tight edges. Most of them have large tongue plum petals and the petals are round and straight. If the full stamens are white, the color is tender, and the petals are easy to elongate and wrinkle after the petals are full.

(2) Peanut fleshy buds are like peanut kernels, but the front end is small, the middle is large, and the shape is long. For example, the sheath tendons are fine and waxy, with large spreading tongues and plum-shaped daffodils. For those with white head and heavy meat, most of them open plum petals.

(3) the shuttle-shaped bud is similar to the loom shuttle. There is a tight edge behind the relaxing valve. For example, the sheath tendons are thick and hard, and most of them are stiff, pointed tongue daffodils or small as Italian plum petals.

(4) the two ends of the olive-shaped buds are small and the middle is broad. For example, the sheath tendons are fine and waxy, and most of them are daffodils with small tongues.

(5) the top of the melon hammer-shaped bud is flat and the lower part is small. If the tendons are slightly hard, most of them will split the head and close the back plum flap, or open three valves and a nose. If the tendons and collaterals are fine and waxy and green, the lower part of the bud is broad, the tongue shape must be large, and the petals are also wide.

(6) the round lamp shell-shaped bud is long and round. The tendon is fine and waxy, and the stripes extend to the top. In this form, most of them open wrinkled plum petals or soft hold micro-wrinkled daffodils.

(7) the net bottle mouth-shaped bud is slightly longer, the triple valve tip is retracted and the mouth is put. For example, the sheath tendon is thin and waxy, and the color is flirtatious, and most of them open wrinkled daffodils.

(8) the pomegranate mouth-shaped buds are round and short, and the tips of the three petals turn out slightly. If the sheath tendons are thick and straight and the tendons are bright, they will open the daffodils.

(9) Longan-shaped buds are round and solid, if there is no white-headed colored shell, open short round petals, or three petals are short, but not elegant, which is not precious. Most of this form opens lotus petals and so on.

Through the above introduction of various core shapes, it is convenient for Yilan lovers to understand the advantages and disadvantages of evolving into various petal shapes in the process of changing them, as well as to use them as a basis for identification in the selection of new flowers.

2. Cymbidium

(1) skillfully planting the door.

Centipede forceps, flower buds, two side lobes close into a clamp shape. After relaxing the flap, there are tight edges, thick flaps, and a hard back, and this kind of small tongue plum is mostly; if the nest is big tongue, the daffodil valve is few; if the nest is soft, the big tongue plum is mostly, which is the first of the top grade, such as Pan Lv, Cheng Mei and so on.

Big flat cut flat edge thick meat. Most of them have big tongues and split their nests and support them. If you split your head and close your back and hold it hard, the small tongue plum is less. This form is found in plum petal and daffodil petal, which is the second best, such as Shanghai plum, Yuan Zi Xian and so on.

Small flat cut tripetals slightly longer, flat edge round head. If the nest is divided, the big tongue is the majority; if the back is closed, the small tongue is few. Narcissus petal is mostly in this form, which is the third in the top grade. For example, Xiao Dang, Da Chen Zi and so on.

(2) wrinkled corner door

Guazi mouth wide edge wrinkle, flowers open daffodil petals in the majority, plum petals less. It belongs to the fourth in the top grade.

Pomegranate head wide edge Wu wrinkle, flying hold, square lack of tongue, this kind of plum valve, daffodil valve have, for the fifth in the top grade. For example, bee Qiao, moth bee plum, Duoyun and so on.

(3) official ranks

The official shape is shallow and thick.

Slippery mouth shape has shallow pocket.

Almond-shaped wide-edged pu fan, small tongue. Most of these are daffodils, which are the sixth in the top grade.

(4) Guofang door is commonly known as putty block. When budding, the foresight is admired and looks like a rigid whole. The outer three valves are curled and wrinkled when the outer three valves are flattened, which cannot be stretched flat. Where it belongs to this form, most of them hold the valve and close the back with their heads parted. Such as holding the flap and lip flap adhesion into a piece, commonly known as three valves a nose, is the plum valve, daffodil valve in the worst opening.

(5) after the flower buds are acute and narrow, the petals are all in the shape of narrow chicken claws. This form is commonly known as coarse flowers or row flowers. It is a general orchid without petals. However, if the bud is shorter and the top is deep, sometimes there can be general lotus petals.

In addition to the above-mentioned "five-door and eight-style" core shape, there are many forms in Cymbidium, but most of them are not as good as the best flowers.

26. Tendons are the slender tendons on the bracts. The tendons are long and short, dense, thick, flat, protruding, and of different colors. Tendons are always slender through the top, soft, sparse but not dense and slightly glossy, often petal flowers appear. If the tendons are thick to the top, the petals will be wide, and there will be lotus petals. Such as green rib green shell or white shell green rib, ribbed stripes up to the top, bract shell around the crystal transparent, that most of the vegetarian heart valve is more likely. Plum petal and daffodil petal have fine waxy tendons and need to be covered with sand halos in the middle.

27. The short tendons on the bracts of hemp that cannot reach the top are called hemp. The thickness and length of hemp are uneven, and the arrangement is relatively close. This kind of vulgarity is called Malo. If it is empty and sparse with each other, it is also full of colorful sand halos, often with odd valves or xenogeneic heart valves. Due to different colors, hemp can be divided into green hemp, kenaf, white hemp, brown hemp and so on. According to the time when the bud was unearthed sooner or later, it is divided into deep and shallow.

28, sand halo between the bars scattered as fine as dust-like micro-dots, called sand; dense as smoke heavy fog known as halo. If there is sand and halo on the bract shell, most of them have plum valve and daffodil valve. For example, the sand on the bract shell is as dense as apricot hair, and when the bud gradually grows, the top part of the core is dark green, and most of them have plum-shaped daffodils. If the sand halo is soft, the color is white or green, the vegetarian heart valve is mostly. All famous flowers with petal shape must have sand halo in addition to the fine waxy grain on their bract shell and reaching the top.

29. The shell refers to the bracts. It has many colors, such as green shell, white shell, red to green, mercury red, red shell and so on. However, due to the color of the ribs and sand halo, there are dark green, light green, bamboo leaf green, bamboo root green, pink green, green hemp shell, white hemp shell, kenaf shell, lotus color, dark purple, pig liver red shell and so on. Among them, mercury red shell, green shell and red to green shell are the most famous flowers. In addition, the shell can be divided into loose and tight, thick and thin. According to the experience of our Yilan ancestors, no matter which color shell, there are good flowers, but the color must be bright, the shell is thin and hard, and the color is glutinous; if the shell is thin and soft, it is called "rotten clothes", and there are few top-grade flowers; for example, the shell is thick and hard, the color is soft and waxy, and there are also good flowers frequently.

Shells are divided into long and short shells, commonly known as long-tip shells and short-tip shells. Where the color of the middle of the short tip shell is thick and thick, the sharp point has a meat hook, and the bract tip is in the shape of a magpie mouth, mostly out of plum valve and daffodil valve. If the shell is long and the bract tip is obtuse, most of them have lotus-shaped daffodils. Such as green rib green shell, white tendon green shell, tendon fine hemp fiber, crystal clear, and through the tip to the top, and sand halo and shell, tendons, hemp the same color, often appear vegetarian heart valve. The belly tendons of Cymbidium bract shell are covered with sand halo, and there are grains protruding like beads, plum valve and daffodil valve appear frequently, but the shell color can not be too bright. Such as cymbidium stamens bract shell tight round stout, lower foot, generally open lotus-shaped large petal flowers.

Through the tendon, hemp and sand halo on the bract shell, it can be used to identify whether the new flower is a famous flower or not. Through long-term practice, our Yilan ancestors have summed up a lot of rich experience, which can be used as a reference for us to choose new flowers with petal-shaped famous flowers, which still have a certain reference value. The appendices "looking at shell tips" are as follows:

1. "Green tendons are hung all over the body of the green shell, and the green tendons are clear and clear at the top, and the green clouds are as dizzy as smoke protection."

"if the green tendons are not bright, there must be a sand halo, which must be like haze, and the tendons should penetrate the top stamens. When the flowers are raised, the sun shines like a crystal, plain; those who are dark are not."

2. "Luo Yi Zi Green is also called good, the tip of the large shell is also long, the light green ribbed stripes are at the top, and the small clothes are very green."

"White shell, green flying tip, green through the top, sand halo full of clothes, this kind of element. The bell is small, and if the stamens are flat, the daffodils are stored in it. "

3. "the old color silver red smoke halo cover, the peak light green is the most praiseworthy, purple muscle through the top bell such as powder, must be the fetus is not bad."

"when it comes out of the bell, the color is like eggplant skin purple, Megan has a green back, and Huang Zhisu."

4. "Silver-red shell color is the most common. Don't glance at kenaf. It will be beneficial to pick and find more. Nine out of ten plum leaves the silver-red nest."

"the silver-red shell must first be light and then deep, the rib grain is top, the flying tip is green, the small coat is thick, and how smooth it is, so choose it carefully."

5. "the green shell is purple and gray, in which there must be Xianmei, Xiaoyi has a fleshy peak like snow, and the bell top is cut with a suspicious knife."

"if there is a purple halo on the official green shell, the flowers will be different and the tendons will be bright."

6. "No one knows the dark green hemp shell, and there is no doubt that there is little green hemp, sharp green top red stripes, halo sand all over the shell."

"dark green hemp shell, a lot of light, full of stamens and white sand, must not be different, must be purple tendons through the top, flying tip green, this flower must be different."

7. "thick tendons and thick shells produce lotus flowers, and iron bones must be magnificent and boast, no matter whether they are purple-red or green shells."

Tendons thick shell hard, repeatedly out of the lotus, regardless of red and green, the same view, such as falling into the basin for a few days, can be halo, can be different. The most difficult to get, the lotus stamens, the tip is long and deep, the Phoenix eyes are slightly exposed, the roots must be thin, and the stove door is open, must be flying shoulders.

A young leaf bud, commonly known as a seed bud, that grows from the base of a pseudobulb. The seed buds are just exposed to the soil, and the tips of green flowers and vegetarian heart petals are white-green; for example, the bud tips of red green shells or mercury red shells are reddish; for example, red shells are reddish purple. The buds that break the soil before and after "mildew" are the strongest, such as those that break the soil in summer are weaker; if the buds growing as late as autumn are commonly known as "autumn stalks", they are small and thin, and the bundles of leaves are also short and narrow.

31. After the flower stem of the arrow orchid emerges from the bract shell, it gradually grows tall. this process is commonly known as arrow extraction.