There are four aspects worthy of attention in the reform of land system.

A few days ago, Zhou Qiren, a professor at the National Institute of Development of Peking University, said when attending the 38th quarterly report meeting of CMRC China Economic Watch sponsored by the institute that the new round of land system reform should be paid attention to in four aspects.

Zhou Qiren summarized several discoveries made in the study of land system in recent years.

First, the current round of rural land system reform originated in cities. After urbanization, the land price rises, and the demand for land rises. In this case, the relative price of elements has changed greatly, and the corresponding laws, customs and traditions have to change. In the past, China's reform was to encircle cities in rural areas, such as the reform of the unified purchase and marketing of grain, and so on. This round of land reform comes from the city, and the resources, motivation and financial resources in the countryside should be activated in the city.

Second, the land ticket, the big hook, the small hook, the joint construction, the homestead exchange house, the name is various, the common thing is the "transfer right". After decades of collective economy, farmers finally redefined the property rights of land in the late 1970s and early 1980s: ownership belongs to the collective, and the right to use, management and income belong to farmers. This wave of land reform is very important to require transfer rights. I do not have to transfer some resources to others, and the longer the distance radius of the transfer is, the greater the scope of potential utilization of resources will be. the transfer price found through competition will be more efficient and more beneficial to farmers.

Third, explore the mechanism of sharing the benefits of urbanization. The principle that land prices should be raised to the public is summed up by Sun Yat-sen. The basic consideration is that the market price of agricultural land near the city has soared because the government has built a lot of infrastructure and the large population concentration brought about by urbanization has nothing to do with the farmers who own the land. Through the practice in Shenzhen and many other places, we can see that the increase in land prices can be divided. If the land is fully returned to the public, the peasants will not give up their land, which will also cause social tension. This is also what the third Plenary session of the CPC Central Committee said: with regard to the increase in land prices in the process of urbanization, it is necessary to explore the mechanism shared by the state, intermediate organizations, and farmers. We should patiently find a balanced mechanism in a variety of practices around the country, and then upgrade it to formal legal policy. The reform should try its best to bring the economic activities and interest demands of the majority into the legal framework.

Fourth, the government should provide a legal framework for the establishment of the market. The "visible hand" of the government can play a role in creating the market. But in real life, the government may bifurcate in the dimension of economic rationality: the government may become more and more addictive and keep playing with resources in visible hands.

The establishment of an effective market is inseparable from a legal framework, which includes not only the support of legal texts, but also the guidance of administrative forces; at the same time, we should respect the laws of urbanization and economic development, rationally and pragmatically face the resulting interest demands, and refine the practices of resolving contradictions contained in grass-roots and local practice into new legal norms. A legitimate framework allows all parties to have more stable expectations.