Leading the Integration of Urban and Rural Development with New urbanization

The 18th CPC National Congress clearly pointed out for the first time that the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve China's "three rural" problems. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee further expounded the issue of the integration of urban and rural development, pointing out that the dual structure of urban and rural areas is the main obstacle restricting the integration of urban and rural development, and stressed the need to improve the system and mechanism. we will form a new type of urban-rural relationship between workers and farmers, in which industry promotes agriculture, cities lead townships, workers and farmers benefit each other, and the integration of urban and rural areas, so that the broad masses of farmers can equally participate in the modernization process and share the fruits of modernization.

At present, China is in a difficult period of reform, and the overall development ideas and goals are becoming clearer. The core is to promote the synchronous coordination of the "four modernizations" and the integration of urban and rural development through the deepening of reform, internal and external coordination, and structural adjustment. To achieve the sustained, healthy and stable development of the national economy, and the modernization goal of enriching the people and strengthening the country.

Leading by new urbanization is the correct path choice for the integration of urban and rural development.

To promote the integration of urban and rural development, we should not only eliminate the institutional obstacles that affect the integration of urban and rural development, that is, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, but also choose the correct path of the integration of urban and rural development. This path should be a new type of urbanization to lead the integration of urban and rural development.

Leading the integration of urban and rural development with a new type of urbanization is the inherent requirement of China's economic and social transformation and the simultaneous development of the "four modernizations". Regardless of informatization, from the perspective of the "three modernizations" of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, urbanization lags behind industrialization at the present stage, agricultural modernization lags behind industrialization and urbanization, and the "three modernizations" are generally out of sync and coordination.

From a dynamic point of view, especially from the historical investigation since the reform and opening up, compared with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the lag of agricultural development in China is aggravating; compared with the development of industrialization, the lag of urbanization in China is alleviating. The slowdown of the lag of urbanization in China is mainly attributed to the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, but there is an obvious deviation in this accelerated urbanization in China, which is mainly reflected in that the identity transformation of farmers who work in cities lags behind their career transformation. the speed of rural labor transfer to cities lags behind the speed of urban spatial expansion, and farmers' non-agriculturalization lags behind land non-agriculturalization. the essence of these deviations is the disharmony between land urbanization and population urbanization. The process of citizenization of the rural population transferred to the city is too lagging behind.

The level of agricultural modernization in China lags behind industrialization and urbanization, and shows an aggravating situation, which can be judged from two aspects. First, from the static relationship between the industrial structure and employment structure of the national economy. In 2011, the proportion of China's tertiary industrial structure is 10.1,46.8,43.1, and the employment proportion of the three industries is 34.8∶ 29.5∶ 35.7. These two sets of data reflect a basic problem, that is, the proportion of agricultural labor force in China is much higher than that of agricultural GDP, which shows that China's industrial structure and employment structure are not coordinated, and the development of non-agricultural industries promotes agriculture, especially the insufficient absorption of agricultural surplus labor. The second is from the relationship between the dynamic industrial structure and employment structure of the national economy. At the beginning of reform and opening up (in the early 1980s), the proportion of agriculture in GDP is about 1x3, and the proportion of agricultural labor force in the whole social labor force is about 2ax 3. Compared with the proportion of agricultural GDP and agricultural labor force in 2011, it is obvious that although a large number of agricultural labor force has been transferred since the reform and opening up, the decline rate of agricultural GDP proportion is much faster than that of agricultural labor force. The former has dropped from 1x3 to 1x10, while the latter has reduced from 2xp3 to 1gam3. Thus, the contribution rate of agricultural labor to GDP, or departmental comparative labor productivity, is not increasing, but is further decreasing, from 0.5 in the early 1980s (that is, 1pact 3 divided by 2xp3) to 0.29 in 2011 (10.1max 34.8). The lag of agricultural development is obviously aggravating. Not detente.

The uncoordinated consequence of the "three modernizations" must be the uncoordinated industrial structure, the uncoordinated industrial structure and the employment structure, and the uncoordinated relationship between urban and rural areas. To change this situation, from the reality of our country, it is undoubtedly the right way to speed up the development of new urbanization.

The first is the need for the further evolution of China's industrial structure. At present, the proportion of China's tertiary industrial structure is two, three and one, and the trend of further evolution must be three, two and one, and the main way to speed up the development of the tertiary industry is urbanization, because the core of the tertiary industry is the service industry. the development of the service industry is closely related to the agglomeration of population, and the agglomeration of population depends on the development of urbanization.

The second is the need of the evolution of employment structure in our country. One of the important reasons for the lag of agricultural development in China is the incoordination between the proportion of agricultural output and the proportion of agricultural employment. the way to coordinate is not to increase the proportion of agricultural output, but to reduce the proportion of agricultural labor force. the only way is to transfer agricultural surplus labor to the secondary and tertiary industries, from the current absorption of labor force by China's three industries and the evolution trend of industrial structure. In the future, the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force should mainly be the tertiary industry. Obviously, in order to achieve such structural transformation and coordination, we must speed up the development of urbanization.

The conclusion of the above analysis is: if the rapid economic growth of our country in the past 30 years is mainly promoted by industrialization, then at the present stage, no matter from the synchronous coordination of the "three modernizations", or from the evolution of industrial structure and employment structure, China has entered the stage of accelerated development of urbanization, urbanization leading the integration of urban and rural development, and leading the whole economic and social development.