A realistic choice for accelerating the development of modern and efficient agriculture

There is little cultivated land per capita in China's rural areas, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. The development of modern high-efficiency agriculture in accordance with local conditions is of great significance for optimizing agricultural industry and product structure, improving the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in international and domestic markets, and increasing farmers' income. In recent years, the development of efficient agriculture in China has achieved remarkable results, but there are still many restrictive factors and problems in practice, mainly as follows: the overall scientific, technological and cultural quality of farmers is low, which does not meet the requirements of the development of modern and efficient agriculture; the research and development system of agricultural science and technology needs to be improved urgently, the agricultural science and technology extension team is small, the strength is weak, the service level is not high, and the degree of specialization, intensification and scale of agricultural production is low. The processing level of agricultural products is low, the intensive processing is less, the added value is low; the famous brands are few, and the level is not high, and the market competitiveness is not strong; the development potential of agricultural tourism has not been fully tapped, and there are some problems, such as neglect of management, low market credit, single project and inadequate service. In order to speed up the development of modern and efficient agriculture in China, we must take more measures and seriously solve the above problems.

We will strengthen cultural education and scientific and technological training in rural areas, and strive to bring up a new type of farmers who are educated, skilled and able to operate. The overall cultural quality of China's rural labor force is relatively low, and with the transfer of a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force with a certain culture to cities and towns and secondary and tertiary industries, most of the people engaged in agricultural production are the middle-aged and elderly with a lower level of education. the quality of the labor force has seriously restricted the popularization and application of new science and technology in the field of agriculture. To solve this problem, first, it is necessary to change the current situation of uneven allocation and development of educational resources in urban and rural areas, tilt to rural areas in terms of funds, school-running facilities and teachers, and develop compulsory education in rural areas. comprehensively improve the overall scientific and cultural level of farmers; second, it is necessary to strengthen the training of farmers' professional production skills and science and technology, so as to provide human resources support for the development of modern and efficient agriculture. Third, we should make use of a variety of education and training methods to cultivate and improve farmers' market awareness, entrepreneurial awareness, and management ability, and strive to bring up a number of new professional farmers.

We will improve the system and mechanism of agricultural science and technology research and development and the service system of rural science and technology extension. We will improve the system and mechanism of agricultural science and technology research and development and improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to establish and improve the agriculture-related scientific research organization system and diversified investment mechanism with the joint participation of government agricultural scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and individuals. The government should increase investment in agricultural science and technology and support basic and frontier scientific research in agriculture. We will strengthen the construction of key laboratories and variety improvement centers in the agricultural field, improve the facilities and equipment level of agricultural scientific research institutions, and strive to create superior varieties with independent intellectual property rights. we will strengthen the integrated innovation of science and technology in the fields of efficient cultivation, healthy breeding, epidemic prevention and control, and agricultural water saving, and increase the contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural production. At the same time, it is necessary to persist in taking the demand of agricultural production as the guide, encourage and support institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes to carry out various forms of technical cooperation with leading enterprises, agricultural demonstration parks, farmers' specialized cooperatives, and peasant households, promote the organic integration of industry-university-research and agricultural science and education, and speed up the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.

Improve the service system of science and technology extension in rural areas. First, we should strive to build a high-quality and comprehensive contingent of rural science and technology extension service personnel, adopt preferential policies to encourage college graduates to join the agricultural technology extension service team, improve their working and living conditions, and make them take root in rural areas. make a difference in this respect. Second, it is necessary to promote the reform and construction of agricultural technology extension institutions, and establish a diversified agricultural technology extension system with agricultural technology extension institutions as the leading role, rural cooperative economic organizations as the basis, agricultural science and education units and agriculture-related enterprises extensive participation, division of labor and cooperation. It is necessary to give prominence to the construction of grass-roots agro-technical extension central stations, strive to solve the problem of faults in grass-roots agro-technical extension institutions, and gradually establish a perfect agro-technical extension service system at the city, county, township (town), and village levels, so as to improve the ability of science and technology to serve agriculture.

Actively promote the specialization, intensification and scale of agricultural production. First, we should actively and steadily promote the specialization of China's agricultural production. First, we should attach importance to the development of local agricultural products with traditional characteristics and strengthen them on the basis of specialization and excellence. Second, it is necessary to increase the introduction, improvement and testing of famous, excellent, new, rare and special varieties, and popularize them on the basis of reliable results achieved in the demonstration. Third, the wishes and choices of farmers should be fully respected and must not be forcefully implemented through administrative means.What the government should do is mainly to guide, demonstrate, support and provide services such as technology and market information.

Second, we should actively develop intensive production. Intensive agriculture can be labor intensive based on increasing living labor, capital intensive based on increasing materialized labor, technology intensive based on intensive use of advanced technology, or a combination of labor, capital and technology. No matter which kind of intensification can greatly improve the land utilization rate, output rate and labor productivity, and increase the economic benefits of agricultural management.

Third, on the basis of specializing in excellence, we should actively promote appropriate scale operation. At present, agricultural production in China is still dominated by small-scale operation of one household, which is not only difficult to achieve effective docking between small-scale production and large market, but also can not produce economies of scale. It is necessary to invigorate the circulation of land contractual management rights on the premise of keeping the existing land contracting relationship stable and unchanged for a long time. Gradually establish and improve a standardized and orderly market for the transfer of land contractual management rights, and in accordance with the principle of voluntary compensation in accordance with the law, allow farmers to transfer land contractual management rights in the form of subcontract, lease, exchange, transfer, share cooperation, etc., through the forms of "company + base + professional cooperative + peasant household", "professional cooperative + peasant household", "professional planting and breeding large households", "family farm" and other forms to promote the appropriate scale operation of agricultural land. We should improve the economies of scale of agriculture and make high-efficiency agriculture stronger and bigger.

We will vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural products and increase the added value of agricultural products. In terms of the ratio of output value of agricultural products processing industry to agricultural output value, the average value of developed countries is 2.4 ∶ 1, while that of China is only 1.9 ∶ 1. This shows that there is a large gap between us and the developed countries, and there is a lot of room for development in the future. Great efforts should be made to cultivate large-scale processing enterprises. The first is to support the existing small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of capital, technology, equipment and other aspects to promote their continuous development and growth; the second is to attract investment to build new large-scale processing enterprises; and the third is to integrate existing enterprises and build a "joint fleet." In terms of product research and development, we should follow the idea of deep processing, high technology, and serialization, work together across industries and disciplines, and develop new products around the two major international and domestic markets. The products will be developed into high value-added products such as wine, beverages, health food, drugs, and so on.

We will actively promote standardized agricultural production and speed up the improvement of the quality and safety of agricultural products, consumer recognition and market competitiveness. The standardization of agricultural production is not only the need to improve the level of food safety, but also the need to deal with the "technical barriers" in international trade. First, establish and improve a unified and authoritative agricultural standard system in line with international standards as soon as possible. On the basis of the existing national standards, industry standards and local standards, and with reference to international standards, especially those of the main exporting countries of China's agricultural products, it is necessary to formulate and improve China's agricultural standard index system to improve the scientific nature, advanced nature and applicability of China's agricultural standards. Second, actively promote the implementation of agricultural standardization. It is necessary to standardize agricultural production standards, new technologies, and new achievements into technical standards and operating procedures that are convenient for farmers to master, actively carry out demonstration and extension work, guide farmers and agricultural production enterprises to organize production according to standardization, and establish an operational mechanism for the implementation of agricultural standardization that is "promoted by the government, multi-sector linkage, market pull, enterprise drive, farmers' initiative, and social participation." Third, strengthen the construction of the quality supervision and inspection system of agricultural products. It is necessary to establish a joint law enforcement mechanism for the quality and safety of agricultural products, and establish a joint law enforcement team led by the food safety department and with the participation of the agricultural administrative department, the industrial and commercial administration department, and the health and quarantine department. the quality and safety of agricultural products should be supervised from the field (processing enterprises)-market-dining table, and the administrative accountability system should be implemented. once problems arise, the responsible persons of the supervision departments in the relevant links will be investigated. We will actively promote the certification of "three products and one standard" and the construction of famous brands. We will comprehensively implement the system of routine monitoring of the quality and safety of agricultural products, market access, quality traceability and information dissemination to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Attach importance to the versatility of agriculture and improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture. First, we should vigorously develop ecological agriculture and give full play to the ecological benefits of agriculture. Attention should be paid to the research and development and transformation of eco-agricultural technology and the summary and popularization of successful eco-agricultural models. In the long-term practice, China has created many effective and efficient eco-agricultural models, which can be applied creatively in accordance with local conditions. It is necessary to learn from the advanced agricultural management methods and agricultural production technologies of developed countries, especially those related to agricultural energy conservation, resource protection, resource substitution and environmental restoration, combined with the existing theories and technologies of ecological agriculture in our country. to form a set of development model and technology system suitable for the situation of our country. Second, it is necessary to do a good job in the economy of agricultural festivals and tourism agriculture, provide personalized services for different consumer groups, expand the industrial chain network, strengthen organizational management and employee training, improve service quality, and benefit more farmers.