Meteorological service takes care of the "granary under the world" accurate forecast saves farmers

A wide coverage and through rural meteorological information service system has been initially established in Henan Province.

Meteorological service protects the "granary under the world"

66.776 billion jin! This year, the total output of summer grain in Henan Province reached another record high, continuing to rank first in the country.

Henan, which has been dry for ten years, has been able to create a miracle of increasing production year after year, thanks to meteorological services. Wei Mengguan, deputy director of the Department of Agriculture of Henan Province, said: on the basis of a relatively high starting point and foundation, every step of Henan's agricultural production depends on the strength of science and technology, and weather plays a prominent role in serving agriculture.

In August, the wheat harvest has returned to the warehouse, the corn is jointing and booting, and the drought in southern Henan continues. The meteorological department of Henan Province cooperates closely with the agricultural and water conservancy departments to give full play to the pilot role of modern agrometeorological service, send accurate meteorological service to the field, and go all out to ensure the high yield of autumn grain.

"relying on heaven for a living" becomes "sky-watching management".

Where the creation of high production is carried out, meteorological services will follow up and meteorological facilities will be built wherever they go.

Henan, known as the "granary under the world", is the largest agricultural province in the country and an important core area of grain production, and the output of major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and meat ranks in the forefront of the country.

Henan is also one of the provinces most seriously affected by meteorological disasters, especially drought, waterlogging, wind, hail and other meteorological disasters on agricultural production.

In 2009, the China Meteorological Administration took the lead in the pilot construction of modern agrometeorological services in Henan Province, based on the demand for meteorological services in modern agriculture, facing decision-making and farmers, and improving the capacity of agrometeorological services. Since 2011, 43 counties in Henan Province have been included in the special pilot construction of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" meteorological services in the central finance.

Wang Jianguo, director of Henan Meteorological Bureau, told reporters that at present, the province has formed a three-level operational organization system of modern agrometeorology, with provincial agrometeorological centers as the leader, municipal agrometeorological centers as the backbone, and county-level fixed agrometeorological personnel as the basis. It has formed a five-level service organization system of provinces, cities, counties, townships and villages, and established an alliance of agrometeorological service experts. The agrometeorological services and meteorological early warning information will be extended to villages and towns.

A rural meteorological information service system with long-term, wide coverage and direct access has been initially established in Henan province. At present, the province has built more than 2400 rural meteorological information service stations, developed 59000 meteorological information personnel, built more than 2000 electronic display screens, nearly 23000 meteorological early warning loudspeakers, and 210meteorological early warning information machines. relying on these information dissemination channels, the meteorology of "serving grass-roots units and through agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has developed in depth.

With the meticulous content of meteorological services and the increasing expansion of channels, the situation of "relying on heaven for a living" in grain production has quietly changed to "sky-watching management".

Jun County is an advanced county in grain production in the country. Hu Zhenfang, a senior agronomist from the county agricultural bureau, spoke highly of meteorological services. "the county began to create high-yield activities in 2010, and meteorological services will follow up wherever the activities are carried out. Weather facilities will be built wherever they are built. Today, the meteorological and agricultural sectors share resources and complement each other, and we can grasp all kinds of meteorological information without leaving home. "

During the wheat filling period in late May this year, wheat in Junxian County and other places encountered continuous dry and hot wind. Due to the early warning of the weather forecast, the agricultural sector organized drugs to be distributed to farmers in a timely manner, effectively avoiding the adverse effects of hot and dry wind. "the dry and hot wind will generally lead to a reduction of 100 tons and 200 jin of wheat per mu, but not only has there been no reduction in production this year, but there has also been an increase of 100 tons per mu. The wheat yield of the whole county is the highest in history, and the excellent rate is very high. " Hu Zhenfang said.

A multi-level meteorological support system has been built.

Many kinds of agricultural weather forecasts can be issued for different agricultural seasons, such as irrigation, fertilization, drying and so on.

At the Hebi Meteorological Bureau, the big screen on the wall clearly shows a real-time picture of crop growth. With the click of a mouse in front of the computer, the staff can adjust the angle of the probe set in the farmland, and when the distance is close, the leaves of the corn can be seen clearly. "using this platform, we can timely and accurately grasp the seedling situation, growth environment and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests." Zhang Ruiguang, director of Hebi Meteorological Bureau, introduced.

This satellite-land double-base monitoring platform effectively combines satellite remote sensing with ground sensing and wireless communication. real-time and continuous monitoring of farmland ecological environment parameters, such as surface temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, photosynthetically active radiation of vegetation, leaf area index, diseases and insect pests, to realize the visualization of farmland ecological environment and crop growth period, seedling situation, growth situation and disaster situation.

Wang Youqing, deputy magistrate of Jun County, turns on his mobile phone and, through the mobile version of the satellite-land double-base monitoring platform, can directly view the actual farmland scene, crop growth status, and farmland meteorological elements, grasp farmland information in time, and reasonably arrange agricultural production.

Wang Youqing said that the satellite-land dual-based monitoring platform has improved the meteorological disaster prevention capacity by 40%. Tasting the benefits of meteorological services, the county government has incorporated modern meteorological services for agriculture into the overall planning, into the performance assessment system and financial security system.

In the whole province of Henan, a multi-level meteorological science and technology support system has been established. The Henan provincial government and the China Meteorological Administration have jointly built a key agrometeorological laboratory to solve the key technical problems urgently needed for operational services; four agrometeorological experimental stations have been established in the province, and 102 modern agrometeorological science and technology demonstration parks have been built to carry out agrometeorological index test verification and applicable technical demonstration services for characteristic agriculture and facility agriculture.

With the progress of science and technology, Henan Province has improved 20 kinds of standardized product system, which can release many kinds of agricultural weather forecast products such as irrigation, fertilization, spraying, storage, drying and so on, so as to provide meteorological services for the whole process of crop production.

Accurate forecasting saves input for farmers

Meteorological services gradually enhance the ability of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" to avoid meteorological disasters.

"bang, bang, bang", the sound of the cannon was deafening. In front of a 37 antiaircraft gun in the courtyard of Yufeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Junxian County, five or six artificial weather operators are conducting a drill. When favorable weather conditions come, they will carry out artificial rain enhancement in time.

Xu Tongxi, director of the cooperative, told reporters that the meteorological department built a fixed artificial weather influence gun station here in 2013, equipped with anti-aircraft guns, rockets and operating teams, enhancing the ability of grain production to resist meteorological disasters.

Wang Jianguo told reporters: in recent years, through artificial influence on weather operations, the province has increased water by an average of about 1 billion tons a year, and protected an area of 10, 000 square kilometers against hail, which has made a positive contribution to the province's annual grain yield in recent years.

From "what service I have" to "what society needs", from departmental service to making extensive use of social forces and promoting the socialization of meteorological services, from simply focusing on business assessment to social satisfaction. The construction of meteorological service system for agriculture and rural meteorological disaster prevention system in Henan Province has been steadily advanced, the ability of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" to avoid meteorological disasters has been gradually enhanced, and the meteorological service benefits of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" have become increasingly significant.

During the corn sowing period, farmers in Jun County will generally spray lodging-resistant and yield-increasing agents such as "jade gold" to enhance plant lodging resistance so as to increase production. The climate is relatively dry this year, and if you use lodging-resistant yield-increasing agents, it may have a serious impact on the already "stunted" corn. According to the monitoring and forecast of agricultural and meteorological departments, farmers did not adopt this technology, which not only avoided the adverse impact on corn growth, but also reduced investment. Hu Zhenfang said, "without the use of anti-lodging and yield-increasing agents, there will be 5 yuan less investment per mu of land, and this alone will save farmers in the county millions of yuan."

Farmers in Qibin District of Hebi City also benefit greatly from accurate weather forecasts. Qibin District Juxilai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative transfer land of 1470 mu, trusteeship farmers land of 5300 mu. "at the end of July, the weather was relatively dry. The corn is wilting and the co-operative is ready to pump water to irrigate the land. At this time, we received the weather forecast: there will be light to moderate rain the day after tomorrow. " Tang Quanhe, chairman of the cooperative and "a major national grain grower and seller," said, "seeing the information, we did not pump water to irrigate the land, so we saved tens of thousands of yuan at once. The high yield of grain is really inseparable from the meteorological department. "

Now the corn is growing well and is about to be harvested. "if the corn is harvested late one day, the income of one mu of land can be increased by 10 jin, and the income of the cooperative can be increased by hundreds of thousands of yuan, but all this depends on the accurate weather forecast." Tang Quanhe and other growers are full of expectations for the meteorological services during the harvest season.