China's annual grain loss after childbirth exceeds 100 billion catties of grain: to save

Anhui Modern Grain Logistics Center has not only built new types of warehouses such as tall flat warehouses and shallow silos, but also adopted the latest grain storage technologies, such as mechanical ventilation grain storage technology, gland closed grain storage technology, recirculation fumigation technology, grain cooling technology, computer grain situation detection technology and grain drying technology, to realize the intelligent management of grain depots. The picture shows that the large unloading transporter is unloading grain from the grain truck and storing it directly after removing the impurity. Photo taken by Liu Hui, a reporter of the Economic Daily

From 14 to 16 August, the 2014 High-level Dialogue and plenary meeting of the APEC Food Security Policy Partnership Mechanism (PPFS) was held in Beijing. For the first time, the meeting regarded grain conservation as an important measure to ensure food security in various economies, and made it clear that efforts should be made to reduce the total amount of food loss and waste in the Asia-Pacific region by 10% by 2020 (compared with the same period in 2011-12). As an important member of APEC, China has vigorously promoted food conservation and reduction in recent years, and has made important contributions to ensuring food security in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.

Grain saving and impairment shall not be allowed.

The loss of grain in our country is astonishing and wasteful. According to the latest statistics of the State Grain Administration, the annual post-natal loss of grain exceeds 100 billion jin, which is equivalent to the output of 150 million mu of fertile land.

At the just-concluded APEC Grain Technology, facilities and Resources Exhibition, although the booth of Hubei Yewei Grain and Oil Machinery Group Co., Ltd. was arranged in an inconspicuous place, the exhibition board of their mechanized grain turnover warehouse attracted the attention of many people.

Cai Jun, deputy general manager of the company, told reporters that his company produces scientific granaries with a warehouse capacity of 1 ton and mechanized grain turnover warehouses with a capacity of 300 to 400 tons. The in-and-out operation system of mechanized grain turnover warehouse is composed of cleaning screen, conveyor, grain unloader, ventilator, ground cage and grain situation detection equipment, which is convenient for grain in and out of the warehouse. At the bottom of the silo, there is a "human" shaped ventilation trough connected with the ventilator to ensure the safety of grain storage. "with the rapid development of large-scale grain cultivation in recent years, new changes have taken place in the way farmers store grain. Large grain growers, family farms, farmers' specialized cooperatives and grain processing enterprises often need short-term grain storage. The mechanized grain turnover warehouse can meet the short-term grain storage needs of the new agricultural operators. Through experiments, using this storage warehouse to store grain is basically pest-free, mildew-free, and rodent-free, and the average grain storage loss of farmers can be reduced from more than 6% to less than 1%. " Cai Jun said.

Cai Jun expressed the hope that through this exhibition, the company's scientific grain storage technology will be introduced to other APEC economies, so as to play a certain role in promoting food conservation and loss in the Asia-Pacific region. At this exhibition, Chinese government departments, scientific research institutions and enterprises fully demonstrated their achievements in grain conservation, allowing representatives of visiting economies to share China's experience in grain conservation.

The situation of grain supply and demand in the Asia-Pacific region will be in a tight balance for a long time, and due to the hard constraints of cultivated land, water resources, ecological environment and other natural resources, it is becoming more and more difficult to increase grain production, and the food security of poor areas and vulnerable groups in the APEC economy is still facing great threats. At the same time, food waste in the Asia-Pacific region is serious. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, nearly 30% of the grain in the Asia-Pacific region is lost in harvesting and distribution. Unscientific production planning, failure to properly store, and weak transportation system are the main reasons for food loss.

Zeng Liying, deputy director of the State Grain Administration, said in an interview with the Economic Daily that if grain consumption is not resolutely curbed, the contradiction between grain supply and demand in the Asia-Pacific region will intensify, and it is urgent to promote grain conservation and reduction.

As the most populous country in the Asia-Pacific region and a major food consumer, China plays an important role in ensuring food security in the Asia-Pacific region. In recent years, China has taken a variety of measures to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity, the grain output and quality have been continuously improved, and the rice bowls of the Chinese people have been firmly in their own hands. However, the loss and waste of grain in our country is astonishing. According to the latest statistics of the State Grain Administration, the annual postpartum loss of grain is more than 100 billion jin, accounting for more than 9% of the total grain output, equivalent to the output of 150 million mu of fertile land. In 2013, China began to implement the "Grain Security Project" and strengthened the construction of infrastructure such as grain warehousing and logistics, which effectively improved the ability to save grain and reduce losses. This year and next year, China will build 100 billion jin of storage capacity in the main grain producing areas in the northeast and south, which will greatly reduce the loss and waste of storage in the main grain producing areas.

Derogation technology needs to be improved

The new "four-in-one" grain storage technologies of grain situation detection, mechanical ventilation, recirculation fumigation and grain cooling have been widely used in grain storage in China, and remarkable results have been achieved.

The loss and waste of grain in China mainly occurs in grain storage and transportation, processing and catering consumption. The implementation of advanced and practical grain-saving technology is an important means to reduce the postpartum loss of grain. In recent years, grain departments have made great efforts to promote advanced and practical grain loss reduction technologies in grain purchase, storage and transportation, processing and other links, and achieved remarkable results.

Chinese farmers have a tradition of storing grain, but because of the backward storage conditions, they lose up to 40 billion jin of grain every year. In recent years, China has implemented the "Farmers' Scientific Grain Storage Project" to allocate standardized granaries for farmers. By the end of 2013, the grain department has allocated 6.77 million sets of standardized grain storage equipment to 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the country. It is estimated that the specially allocated grain storage equipment can store about 13 million tons of grain, reducing the loss of stored grain by 850000 tons every year.

Mildew is also one of the main causes of postpartum grain loss. In our country, the annual grain loss caused by mildew is up to 42 billion jin. The mildew of grain is mostly caused by the low level of drying mechanization. Therefore, the promotion of grain drying machinery and technology can effectively reduce grain loss. At present, the demand of new agricultural operators, such as farmers' professional cooperatives, family farms and large grain growers, for grain drying machinery has increased greatly. Last year, the Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Changsheng Township, Kedong County, Heilongjiang Province, built a grain depot with a storage capacity of 30,000 tons and installed a drying tower with a daily drying capacity of 200 tons. In addition to drying the grain produced by the cooperative, it can also provide services to surrounding farmers.

The new "four-in-one" grain storage technology of grain situation detection, mechanical ventilation, recirculation fumigation and grain cooling has been widely used in grain storage in China, which has systematically solved the problems of mildew prevention and preservation, pest control, consumption and emission reduction of grain reserves. It is understood that the "four-in-one" grain storage technology has been widely used in more than 1000 central grain reserves (with a storage capacity of more than 60 million tons), creating economic benefits of more than 40 billion yuan, making China's grain storage technology reach the international advanced level.

At present, about 80% of China's grain is stored in warehouses in the form of bulk grain, but the proportion of grain in bulk, bulk unloading and bulk transportation is on the low side, resulting in greater grain losses in the whole transportation link. Therefore, in the link of grain logistics, we should vigorously promote the technology of "four bulk" (bulk, bulk unloading, bulk storage, bulk transportation), improve the facilities for the distribution, loading and unloading of bulk grain, and reduce the waste of grain in the process of transportation.

In the process of grain processing, due to extensive processing, excessive processing of grain products and other reasons, waste is serious. It is estimated that more than 15 billion jin of grain is wasted in processing in our country every year. In the future, efforts should be made to reduce the loss and waste of grain processing links through the active promotion and application of new technologies and new technologies.

Make grain saving a habit

To form a social atmosphere of grain conservation and impairment in the whole society, it is necessary to further promote grain conservation demonstration projects and special actions so as to form a long-term mechanism for grain conservation and impairment.

When a reporter from the Economic Daily was eating in the restaurant of the Health and Nutrition Research Institute of Cofco, he saw a card on the table that read: saving food is a kind of temperament. In this way, Cofco constantly reminds its staff to save food and turn grain conservation into an internal revision of their employees. Food waste is an important reason for the postpartum loss of grain, which amounts to 200 billion yuan every year in our country. Reducing the waste on the table is an important means of saving and reducing grain.

"China's grain waste is serious, and advocating grain conservation and reduction should go deep into every link of social production and life, not only by manufacturing and popularizing scientific granaries to reduce grain loss and waste in storage links, but also through product sales to transmit a concept of grain conservation and loss." Cai Jun said.

It is necessary to turn grain conservation into a habit or even an idea, so as to minimize food loss and waste. To this end, the State Grain Administration carries out public publicity activities of "saving one grain of grain" every year; organizes publicity activities such as "World Food Day" and "National Grain Love and Saving publicity week" every year; and thoroughly carries out activities such as "loving food and saving grain" into schools, families, and communities, so as to arouse everyone's awareness of loving and saving grain, and lead the whole society to form a social atmosphere of saving glory and waste.

Zeng Liying said: to form a social atmosphere of grain conservation and impairment in the whole society, it is also necessary to further promote grain conservation demonstration projects and special actions, continue to expand the scope of special implementation of farmers' scientific grain storage, vigorously promote appropriate processing of grain and oil and efficient utilization of by-products, and form a long-term mechanism of grain conservation and impairment led by the government, implemented by enterprises, and participated by the whole people through scientific and technological grain conservation and scientific diet.