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Talking about "Byrus"

What is "Barras"? In fact, the name "Bailas" is a foreign word and a virus. According to some materials, the disease of orchids originated in Japan and was later introduced into Taiwan. In recent years, due to the increase in international orchid exchanges, orchids with viruses have also been introduced into Chinese mainland. A considerable number of people lack awareness of the harmfulness of this disease, or do not understand it at all, so that some orchids in orchid gardens in some areas where orchids are more developed are infected with the "Bellas" virus. As a result of the spread of "Bailas", the sick orchid was full of disease, which was terrible to see. What is more serious is that these diseased orchids are selling to the market in large quantities. It is observed that there are generally the following kinds of people who ask questions: one is the newcomers in the orchid world, who do not know that these are infected orchids at all; the other is some people who do not understand the harmfulness of this disease and regard it as a general orchid disease, convinced that they can solve it and take risks to buy it under the temptation of beautiful thread skills and cheap prices. Third, some orchid merchants with no conscience and no reputation, in order to make money, buy sick orchids at low prices and sell them to new orchid farmers at high prices; or dress up sick orchids, such as peeling off new guns with disease spots, or cutting off diseased leaves, or smearing mud to cover people's ears and deceive orchids. What's more, the disease spot is described as the beginning of "acting", and the next generation is bound to have high art, deliberately deceiving people.

Some people compare "Bailas" disease to the "AIDS" of orchids. Although this analogy is not entirely appropriate, it is very vivid. Modern orchid farming in Japan and Taiwan is relatively developed, but the "Bailas" virus disease has not yet found an effective drug or method for prevention and treatment.

Bailas is a highly contagious orchid disease. You can think about it: a few years ago, orchids in mainland China, it was very difficult to see this kind of disease, but now the market is full of this kind of disease orchids. The reason is that a large number of Ye Yilan, Huayi Orchid, and Dwarf Orchid, which are very beautiful in Ye Yi Yi, Ye Yi Lan, and Dwarf Orchid, have flowed from overseas in recent years, and a considerable number of them have been infected with the "Bayras" virus. As a result, many of our traditional varieties, such as "Jinzui", "Silver Edge", "Enterprise Black" and "White Ink", have been infected with this virus. If we do not have enough understanding of the seriousness of this disease, do not publicize and resist it, and allow it to spread and spread in all directions, it will do great harm to the development of orchid cultivation. All orchid cultivators with conscience should not take sick orchids to harm others for money, let alone sell sick orchids to orchid merchants to deceive ignorant people.

The symptoms of "Byras" are mainly manifested in the leaves of orchids. There are irregular yellowish spots on the orchid leaves. Its biggest characteristic is: in the infected part, no matter on the front or back of the leaf, the stratum corneum decreases, the chlorophyll disappears, the mesophyll is sunken and loses its luster. This disease can occur throughout the year, but it is a serious outbreak in the summer and autumn high temperature season. Most of them occurred on the immature leaves until the orchid leaves matured and died of old age, and the disease spot still existed. In winter, the disease pauses slightly, and the symptoms turn negative slightly. "Bailas" disease has a strong heredity, once the orchid plant is infected with this disease, it will continue from generation to generation. The Bellas virus itself is invisible to the naked eye, and orchids infected in the early stages are indistinguishable. When we buy orchids, it is best to go to the reputable Orchid Garden; if we buy them in the market, we should first observe whether the orchids are healthy; if some of them are found to have this disease, it is best not to buy them. Orchids infected with "Bailas" have not only no ornamental value, but also no economic value. The orchid plant is bound to die. What is more serious is that it will endanger the whole orchid garden, so that the orchids of the whole orchid may be infected with this disease, resulting in the "destruction of the whole army." The "Bailas" virus can be infected by insects (especially mites), knives, scissors, pots, and through contact between the leaves of orchids, so that the originally healthy orchid strains can be infected with the incurable "Bellas" virus. Therefore, when we cultivate orchids, it is best to keep a certain distance between the plants, and the leaves of orchids should not touch each other; to propagate or remove diseased leaves, it is best to peel and separate them by hand, and immediately smear the wound with fungicides such as sulfur powder. Orchid garden should be regularly sprayed with insecticidal and germicidal drugs, so that insects and bacteria can not grow and multiply into harmful orchids. If you find "Bailas" sick orchid, you should burn it with fire without regret, and even plant materials and pots should not be used again. Orchids are endangered plants, species resources are scarce, is the precious wealth of our motherland, every orchid enthusiast has the responsibility to protect its healthy development.

Examples of prevention and treatment of "Bayras disease"

The name and quantity of diseased orchid: one group of two buds of "Baoshan", one group of two buds of "Ruiyu" and four groups of eight buds of "Yinzui". Source of diseased orchid: import. Time of onset: June, 1992: irregular lesions were found in the leaves under the perspective of sunlight, and the condition of each bud in each group was different, which could be divided into: ① virus incubation period; ② disease was mild; ③ condition was serious. Temporary diagnosis: the psychological status of the growers of "Bayas disease": the food is tasteless, so you can borrow it.

Lan doctor's opinion: all-out treatment prescription: ① isolation observation, if necessary, surgical removal of diseased leaves. ② changes the environment and plant materials. Medicine (organic matter fertilizer) for inside, herbal medicine for outside, isolation observation and surgical removal of the flange shed should be checked frequently. It is found that a certain basin orchid infected with "Bayas" disease should be isolated immediately, and the sunken and spreading diseased leaves should be removed immediately. If the focus of the pseudocorm is found to be serious, it should be removed at the same time, and the diseased leaves and corms should be incinerated immediately. The diseased orchid after resection should be placed in the traditional orchid shed with better ventilation, and the postoperative scissors should be strictly sterilized. When removing the diseased orchid, the place that has been in contact with people's hands, and rinse it with soapy water before you can come into contact with other strong national orchids.

Second, the purpose of this method is to make the national orchid absorb more and better organic elements, strengthen the physique and improve the immune ability. This method can be divided into two steps, the first step: first, change the plant material, the original imported country orchid, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and other places, basically use snake wood, longan bark, water moss, magic soil, ceramsite and other plant materials, these plants are of great benefit to the breathing of the roots of the national orchid, but there is no organic matter fertilizer itself (except that the longan bark produces short-lived and weak organic matter when it is about to rot). The growth function of terrestrial orchid is more active at 18-28 degrees, but the absorption of organic fertilizer is also very slow. When the temperature is too high or too low (below 13 degrees or above 35 degrees), too much organic matter fertilizer is applied, on the contrary, it is harmful to the growth of national orchids, so it is ideal to use plant materials to help absorb some organic fertilizers and then release them for orchid root absorption. But it is a pity that the above plant materials can not do this. At present, it is also right to apply different methods and go their own ways on the issue of planting materials, because the temperature and humidity in different places are different, and the sources of plant materials are different, so measures should be taken in accordance with local conditions.

The following is about the plant materials I use and the analysis of plant materials:

(1) the plant material from the middle to the bottom of the orchid basin: use charcoal or ancient green brick. Charcoal itself is organic fertilizer, charcoal can absorb and preserve it. Unfortunately, the water absorption is a little strong, so the bottom planting material should be controlled at about 20%. The ancient green bricks (0. 6-1. 2 cm) are better at the bottom of the basin, because the ancient green bricks are made of better clay, burned with wood and mountain grass, and passed through Over the years, weathering, moderate water absorption, can also be used to plant some fermented organic fertilizer, the amount of each pot can account for 40%-70% of the total plant material. Incidentally, if we use modern red brick grains, it is not so ideal, because there is a lot of coarse sand in modern red bricks, which is basically mixed with pulverized coal during preparation, the fire is not dissipated, and the sulfur is extremely heavy, which is not conducive to the growth of Guolan.

(2) the plant material from the orchid basin to the face: botanists divide the orchids of the world into two parts: terrestrial orchids and aerial orchids. National orchids are basically terrestrial orchids. There is nothing wrong with using soil to cultivate orchids. After years of trial, the author has found that it is ideal to use traditional pond mud, but the choice of pond mud is a very important link. It is necessary to choose the village side fish ponds with a long history (the best in the last few decades), deeper water and fatter water quality. Fish fry ponds are superior to adult fish ponds. Because fish fry ponds and farmers put peanut drums, bean drums and other feed to feed fish fry every day, some of the fry are bait, and the other part sinks to the bottom of the pond. After fermentation, the fish fry are fed. A lot of zooplankton, phytoplankton and organic clastic genera were cultivated. After salvaging this kind of pond mud after drying, use, break it into 1-2 cm granules and sift out the powder. It will not dissolve in the orchid basin for 2-3 years. The above pond mud contains a lot of organic matter fertilizer, which can be absorbed by the national orchid for a long time. Step 2: apply organic fertilizer. ① liquid organic fertilizer: flower effective or bean drum 5%, human urine 40%, Baiyanzi (seafood shellfish) 5%, water 50%, tangerine peel 6, mixed and sealed in a container, fermented for more than 4 months. During application, the parts below the false corm should be watered with 20 times diluted water, and a little water should be sprinkled after fertilization. The policy of thin application should be carried out (strong orchid should be applied once a quarter, diseased orchid should be applied three times a month). But the national orchid dormant period can not be fertilized, please remember not to mistake; (2) solid organic fertilizer: with peanut drum or bean drum 90%, white clam 5% (rich in calcium, such as inland conditions, cow bone powder or other calcium) mixed and processed into powder or small particles, add 5% human water, packed in a container, sealed for 4 months and dried in the sun, if maggots appear in the fermentation process, you can use "trichlorfon" spray. Application method: sprinkle solid fertilizer on the plant surface. Release amount: first of all, it is necessary to examine the size of the orchid basin, the number of orchid plants per pot, the strength of the orchid body, the state of water absorption, and so on. For example: general normal big orchid basin, big leaf report age class each pot above 10 buds, and absorb relatively good, each pot can put 4-6 money. For those who use Lanto (small basin), special attention should be paid to the quantity. In principle, it is better to have less than more. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the national orchid dormancy period to be less or not drenched, so as not to accelerate the dissolution of solid organic fertilizer, the national orchid itself can not be absorbed, in this case, it will often cause root fat injury.

Third, using herbal medicine to treat raw sun-cured tobacco (Xinhui, Taishan, Zhongshan, Gaohe, etc.) whole-leaf humane medicine, tobacco main vein bone (referred to as tobacco bone), is one of the ancient pesticides in China, our ancestors used in vegetable mites, citrus orange leaf rust and so on. Method of making and using: the tobacco bone with a proportion of about 5% was soaked in boiling water for 24 hours, and the tobacco bone was removed. After the remaining solution was filtered, the leaves were sprayed on the leaf surface and the back of the leaf, the false corm and even the orchid root; every part of the whole orchid was required to stick with the liquid as qualified. The leaves of the national orchid glowed and glowed 30 minutes after spraying (the process of plant oil action of tobacco bones). Special attention should be paid when spraying: do not spray the liquid into the new bud core, and the root should not be sprayed too much, otherwise it will affect the growth of national orchid. Using the same method mentioned above, the drug was sprayed twice a day (every four hours) continuously for 10 days as the first course of treatment, and stopped for 10 days followed by the second course of treatment for five consecutive days, followed by the third course of treatment for another five days. When spraying, it is best to choose the temperature between 18 and 26 degrees. It should be noted that Rain Water should not be allowed to rinse or sprinkle on the leaf surface with clean water during the spraying period, so as not to affect the efficacy. When it has to be drenched, please drench on the plant surface. After 40 days of observation before and after three courses of treatment, the obvious sunken lesions basically controlled the non-spread, and the irregular yellow and white spots disappeared gradually under the perspective of sunlight or light. Lan you, if this group of national orchid is your pet or the treasure of the town shed, please continue the fourth, fifth and sixth course of treatment, the effect will be better. Because tobacco is an herbal medicine with no major side effects, it is of great benefit to the national orchid. In order to ensure the efficacy, the preparation had better be made once every 2-3 days. If the preparation is used for a long time, it will oxidize and deteriorate so that part of the liquid will be converted into organic fertilizer and the efficacy will be reduced. But you can continue to use it and don't waste it. The course of medication required for "Bayas disease" is relatively long, and generally requires treatment for 1-2 months, or even longer. If Lanyou lacks the ideological preparation for a "protracted war" and does not adhere to systematic treatment (for example, diligent and thin application of organic fertilizer, choose plant materials rich in organic elements, etc.), it will often lead to a recurrence of the disease. After two years of experiments on drugs and comprehensive treatment of "Bayas disease", the author does not dare to say that the disease has been cured, but it can basically control the spread and transfer of the virus, and the milder disease orchid can regain its youth. make its leaves thicker, chlorophyll increased, bright luster, spring buds in 1993 and 1994 have not yet found the inheritance of the virus, and full of vitality, thriving.

Symptoms and transmission of Baylas disease

Ballas disease often occurs at the base, middle, or tip of a leaf. First appeared with milky white, its length, thickness, state is different, irregular boundary of the reticular strip spot. The boundary of the spot is often like a gradually spreading waterlogging. The two sides of the plaque are green and transparent. There is no abnormal color embellishment in the early stage, there is a slight concave phenomenon on the back of the middle spot, and there are a few light brown irregular spots in the middle stage, and in the late stage, the color of the spot deepens, such as sunburn, spot body and extramacular green leaf body, wrinkle and wrinkle appear at the same time, the leaf margin curls back, and loses luster, then gradually dries up, and finally dies. The Bellas virus is contagious. The China Orchid Association Journal "China Orchid Information" and the Guangzhou Orchid Research Association magazine "Orchid Newsletter" have reported many times that how many famous orchid farmers started with the traditional silver-edged ink orchid and opened the way with novel and strange varieties. The business is becoming more and more popular. Later, an orchid seedling infected with the Bailas virus was inadvertently introduced somewhere. As a result, in less than two years, all the new seedlings of the orchid plant have become spotted flowers, and some of them have begun to die. The sight was horrible. The Bellas virus is transmitted mainly through contact. Such as the bites and crawls of pests, the friction and extrusion of pots, substrates and leaves, may lead to the spread of the Bailas virus. Therefore, the phenomena of displaying, stacking and transporting orchid plants together, contacting basin utensils and soaking basin water supply by hand should be strictly avoided, and great efforts should be made to prevent the spread and spread of Bella virus.

Prevention of Bellas virus disease

① does not blindly pursue good varieties, do not buy viral orchid cheaply, do not buy seedlings from viral orchid endemic areas, and do not buy seedlings mixed with viral orchid. This is the most fundamental and effective preventive measure. All the imported seedlings of ② should be soaked in 500 ~ 700 times solution of virus Bike and 250 times solution of edible rice vinegar for 2 hours in order to disinfect. After potting, the leaf surface and leaf back were sprayed with virus Bike diluent once a week, and the roots were irrigated once every 10 ~ 15 days, each for more than 10 times. After that, 1 000 times of medical aspirin was sprayed once a season. In this way, it can effectively inhibit the proliferation and spread of the virus, so that the symptoms of the virus do not appear in the future, and those that have been shown do not spread or do not spread. ③ should not overdo the management of high temperature and high humidity in order to force high reproduction rate and high growth rate. The orchid shed must pay attention to the natural wind. The supplement of all kinds of fertilizers should be supplied as needed, and do not apply fertilizer blindly to prevent it from being counterproductive. The tools and hands of ④ that have come into contact with germs can be soaked in 2% formalin for 60 minutes. The blade can be disinfected with a lighter fire barbecue to prevent spread.

Treatment of Bellas virus disease

Bellas virus disease, although judged as an incurable blue disease, is not absolute. In fact, orchid gardeners and growers everywhere have made some progress in the treatment of Ballas disease orchid. The author also conducted an experiment on the treatment of a cluster of orchid seedlings suffering from viral diseases. After 3 years, the old strain has withered, and the three new strains germinated have no symptoms of virus disease. Although it has not been examined by tissue section, it is not certain that it is cured, but the recent surface control can be said to be successful. The treatment methods are as follows: (1) to create suitable ecological conditions for breeding strong plants to cultivate infected orchid plants, do not put it in a glass greenhouse. According to the habits of orchids, it is necessary to adjust light, temperature and humidity, more natural wind, and appropriate supply of fertilizer and spraying, so as to strengthen plants and improve resistance.

(2) to inhibit and eliminate virus, spraying and spraying should be carried out in both ways, spraying to treat the aboveground part, pouring medicine to treat the underground part, and carrying out omni-directional treatment. Spray once every 7 days, once every 10 ~ 15 days, after 10 ~ 15 times, change to once every half a month or once a month for more than one year to consolidate the curative effect. The agents used in the treatment were as follows: the finished pesticide of ① was 500 times of virus Bike, and 250 times of edible rice vinegar with strong human osmotic function was added to introduce the medicine directly to the disease department to enhance the efficacy. In addition, nutrients rich in amino acids and other ingredients are taken to enhance the ability of orchid plants to dispel pathogens. ② was treated with heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral function. Such as Radix Isatidis, Daqing leaf, honeysuckle, Guanzhong, Huanglao, quilt, one see Xi, seven leaves a flower, Scutellaria barbata, Scutellaria barbata and purple flower underground, are the first choice of medicinal materials. You can choose a combination of three or five flavors and use them alternately every month. First use the leaching solution, then use the boiled solution, and then sprinkle with the residue. The suitable solution is 10 ~ 100 times. ③ was sprayed with 1000 times solution of antipyretic and analgesic aspirin once a season to induce plants to produce resistant proteins to inhibit or kill the virus. In doing so, there is considerable synergy. (3) Fuzheng and dispelling evil orchid plants consume too much, and they are unable to transport drugs to dispel evil, so Fuzheng is indispensable. The main measures for strengthening the upright body are as follows: ① gradually increasing the amount of light, ② more natural wind, more bath dew, ③ fertilizing normally, applying compound trace element fertilizer or plant biotics once a year, spraying medium concentration foliar fertilizer once a week or half a month, such as plant power 2003, Galida, Gaole, Aishi brand foliar fertilizer and so on. If we can make unremitting efforts in accordance with the above methods, we may be able to achieve the effect of short-term cure, or at least the effect of controlling its spread. (Xu Dongsheng)

Characteristics of Bellas virus

The virus disease that harms orchids is called V I R U S in English and transliterated as "Byras". According to its long striped stripes, Lanjie is like a filament elongated by Eucommia ulmoides after it is broken, so it is commonly known as silk drawing disease. The disease is still an incurable disease, so it is called "AIDS" and "cancer" of orchids. Viral diseases are not only incurable, but also genetic and contagious. Therefore, we should cooperate with the plant quarantine department to seriously resist the Ballas disease orchid environment. Bellas is a filtered recessive pathogen. Most of the infected plants do not appear viral disease in the contemporary era, but do not show viral symptoms until the new plants of the next generation or offspring. Some do not show symptoms for a long time, but the virus still proliferates and spreads in the host strain. Because it does not show symptoms immediately, it belongs to latent infection, which makes it difficult to find it. Only when the tissue sections of the plant are taken in the laboratory and placed under a high-power electron microscope can they be accurately determined. According to the "complete Book of Classification and cultivation of Orchidaceae in China" compiled by Chen Xinqi and Gu Zhanhe of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, more than 20 species of viruses are known to attack orchids. Among them, the most common pathogens affecting Chinese orchids are national orchid mosaic virus, national orchid ringspot virus, orchid small spot virus and so on. Bellas virus disease has a certain causal relationship with the improper regulation of temperature, humidity, air and light. It is reported that its occurrence is related to the long-term cultivation of orchid plants in glass greenhouses. Some people think that the lack of certain elements or too many elements in orchid plants will lead to this kind of morbidity. It is said that a large number of virus symptoms appeared as soon as the orchid strain left the glass greenhouse.