Policy and technology are the keys to control aquaculture pollution

With the increasing popularity of eco-environmental protection awareness and the improvement of public requirements for the living environment, the environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding has attracted unprecedented public attention and attention. Obviously, this is not only a unique problem of our country, but also a "global" problem. Take the European Union country the Netherlands as an example, the Netherlands and China are both big agricultural countries, and they are also facing the pressure of comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry breeding wastes and pollution control. As the main decision-making participant of EU livestock and poultry breeding industry and environmental protection policy, the Netherlands has formed advanced ideas and experience in cleaner production technology policy, circular agriculture development model, pollution prevention and management policy and so on. It can provide an important reference for our country.

First of all, in terms of legislation, the Netherlands has successively promulgated and implemented a series of laws and regulations since the 1970s and 1980s, and constructed a reasonable and effective system of laws and regulations. Including the Animal manure Act, the Air quality Plan, the Nature Conservation Act, the malodorous Gas Act and other national regulations, clearly stipulate the environmental protection responsibilities and obligations of the state, provinces, farms and breeding enterprises, limit the standard threshold or total emission requirements for all kinds of toxic and harmful gases in poultry houses, pastures, manure storage sites, production rooms and farmland.

Objectively speaking, although the legislation on the prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry farming in China started later than that in the Netherlands and other EU countries, it has also made remarkable progress in recent years. The regulations on pollution Prevention and Control of large-scale breeding of Livestock and Poultry, which was formally promulgated and implemented on January 1 this year, can be said to be of epoch-making value and significance. Because before the promulgation of the regulations, China did not have special laws and regulations on agricultural environmental protection at the national level. For a long time, there is no law for the prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding. Although individual provisions of the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law and other laws involve the prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding, these provisions have some problems, such as excessive principles, poor pertinence and maneuverability, and so on. Its practical effect is not satisfactory.

Although our country has made obvious progress in the construction of laws and regulations, laws and regulations mainly play a role of restraint and standardization, and in addition to constraints and norms in the practical work of pollution control in livestock and poultry breeding, it is also necessary to have the necessary technical support and policy guidance, as well as to let livestock and poultry farmers see benefits in the treatment of livestock and poultry manure, so as to stimulate their enthusiasm for pollution prevention and control. To this end, the Dutch government has not only actively promoted scientific research institutions to speed up technological research and development, issued and implemented the "feasible technology for pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding", but also implemented positive and steady guiding fiscal and taxation policies.

Specifically, the guiding policy on pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry farming in the Netherlands covers the innovation of production technology, subsidies for the construction of pollution control facilities, and the improvement of animal welfare, such as using financial funds to support the research and development of innovative technologies and management. subsidies and financial means are used to stimulate investment in new technologies and support capacity-building projects such as demonstration projects, technical advisory services and farmers' networks. The implementation of these guiding fiscal and taxation policies has greatly reduced the burden of livestock and poultry farmers in pollution prevention and control and enhanced their enthusiasm.

At the same time, the Dutch scientific research department also carries out the whole process control technology research on aquaculture management, manure collection, nutrient extraction and so on, highlighting the concept of ecosystem circular economy. In this respect, we have also made some achievements, but it is still limited to the stage of small fuss. For example, in Changsha County, Hunan Province, in order to achieve a harmonious win-win situation between the development of aquaculture and pollution control, the county animal husbandry bureau vigorously promoted the new model of using constructed wetlands to solve aquaculture pollution, achieving win-win ecological and economic benefits, with good results. However, due to natural conditions and technical limitations, it can not be promoted on a larger scale. This shows that in the prevention and control of livestock and poultry pollution and ecological recycling, we need to increase the investment of funds and technology to achieve new breakthroughs.

In the final analysis, on the basis of acknowledging that some other countries in the world have done better than us in the prevention and control of pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding, we should carry forward the spirit of "stones from other mountains can attack jade", learn more from their advanced experience, take fewer detours, take more smooth roads, and make greater achievements in the prevention and control of livestock and poultry pollution.