Deep loosening and soil preparation of agricultural machinery helps to increase grain yield

In order to gradually improve the quality of cultivated land, promote stable and high grain yield and increase farmers' income, on August 20, Henan Agricultural Machinery Bureau and Provincial Department of Finance jointly formulated the "Henan Agricultural Machinery Deep loosening Land preparation pilot work Plan in 2014". Through subsidies to guide farmers to implement deep loosening of agricultural machinery, to promote the popularization of subsoiling technology of agricultural machinery.

Deep loosening of agricultural machinery to build a "soil reservoir"

It is understood that deep loosening of agricultural machinery has become a technology to increase production and income, and is an important technical measure to promote agricultural production. Experimental data show that for every 1 cm increase in plough depth, 3 mm more precipitation can be stored, which is equivalent to the construction of a number of large "soil reservoirs". Under the same conditions, the yield per mu increases by more than 10% in plots with deep loosening operations. The drought in Henan Province is serious for many years, and natural disasters occur frequently. By widely carrying out the operation of deep loosening and soil preparation of agricultural machinery to enhance the ability of soil water storage and soil moisture conservation, it can improve the quality and comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land, and help to improve soil structure and achieve sustainable development of agriculture.

Dr. Huang Shaomin, an expert on soil research at the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said: "the depth of deep loosening and soil preparation of agricultural machinery has reached more than 25 cm, which can break the bottom of the plough, improve the water storage capacity of the land, and significantly enhance the soil water storage and moisture conservation capacity, which is conducive to the increase of crop production; it can also make crops grow neatly and evenly, prolong the growth period of crops, and improve the ability to resist diseases and insect pests in the process of crop growth."

Strengthen and promote the deep loosening of agricultural machinery for soil preparation

According to Hu Jinbo, director of the management office of Henan Agricultural Machinery Administration, since 2011, various parts of Henan Province have carried out deep loosening land preparation operations of agricultural machinery in combination with three autumn production and winter and spring ploughing production, and completed a total of 25.1 million mu of agricultural machinery deep loosening land preparation tasks. At the same time, in combination with the Department of Finance of Henan Province, we arranged a pilot subsidy for subsoiling operation of agricultural machinery, allocated 125.832 million yuan of subsidy funds for agricultural machinery, and implemented subsidies for subsoiling operation of agricultural machinery on 8.3888 million mu of arable land according to the standard of 15 yuan per mu, benefiting more than 700,000 farmers.

This year, according to the investigation and declaration of deep loosening of land preparation of agricultural machinery in various localities, Henan Province plans to complete the pilot operation of deep loosening and land preparation of 3.5 million mu, with a subsidy fee of 15 yuan per mu, and the subsidy funds will be spent from the subsidy funds for the purchase of agricultural machinery. However, the quality of subsoiling operation should be "deep, flat, thin and solid", and the depth must be more than 25 centimeters. After subsoiling, the soil moisture should be leveled, so that the field surface is flat, the soil is fine, there is no missed ploughing, the depth is the same, and it is suitable to sow seeds. At the same time, all localities are required to rely on agricultural cooperatives to promote the whole township and the whole village, and radiation to expand the operating area.

"this year, according to the production progress of the three Autumn Festival, various localities will timely supervise the agricultural machinery service organizations to ensure quality and quantity to complete the operation task. At the same time, adopt the whole-process monitoring mode, establish tracking, statistics, monitoring, evaluation and feedback mechanism, and implement dynamic management. " Hu Jinbo said.

Take more measures to guide farmers to loosen the soil and prepare the land

Due to the influence of traditional farming methods, most farmers are accustomed to shallow ploughing and rotary ploughing, coupled with the high cost of subsoiling operation, it is still difficult to implement subsoiling soil preparation from thought to actual operation. In order to improve farmers' initiative in the application of agricultural machinery subsoiling operation technology, various parts of Henan Province have widely publicized the significance of agricultural machinery subsoiling land preparation operation and the effect of increasing production and income by sending out propaganda vehicles and handing out clear paper. At the same time, we will organize experts and technicians to go to the countryside to carry out technical guidance, strengthen the training of agricultural machinery operators in operation skills, and ensure the quality of operation. According to statistics, since 2011, Henan Province has held more than 700 on-site demonstrations and technical training meetings for deep pine machines and tools, with a total training of nearly 20,000 people.

In order to effectively promote the subsoiling operation of agricultural machinery, Henan Province has taken increasing the number of subsoiling machinery as an important guarantee in the past three years. There are three main measures: first, with the approval of the Henan provincial government, 10 million yuan of incentive funds have been used in major grain-producing provinces to support 400 agricultural machinery cooperatives to purchase more than 1300 subsoiling machines. The second is to make full use of the annual subsidy funds for the purchase of agricultural machinery, focusing on subsidizing subsoiling land preparation machinery, requiring that subsoiling machinery should be listed as the focus of subsidies in addition to rice producing areas. Shangqiu, Jiyuan, Jiaozuo and other places actively strive for local financial support and implement cumulative subsidies for deep pine machinery to ensure that a sufficient amount of machinery is put into production. Third, before the beginning of the annual production season, the provincial municipalities and counties (cities, districts) select the key subsidies for deep pine machinery which are suitable for the actual local production and have high performance and price. Over the past three years, more than 5000 subsoiling machines have been added in Henan Province, with a total of 10493, effectively improving the working capacity of subsoiling.

The soil preparation operation of deep loosening of agricultural machinery is beneficial to enhance the soil vitality and promote the stable increase of grain production, which is a work that benefits the broad masses of farmers. With regard to the next step of deep loosening of agricultural machinery in Henan Province, Hu Jinbo told reporters: "Henan Province will continue to steadily promote the development of deep loosening and land preparation operations." On the one hand, combined with the production of three autumn and winter and spring ploughing, efforts should be made to expand the land preparation area of deep loosening of agricultural machinery through measures such as policy tilt, administrative promotion, publicity and mobilization, and it is planned that more than 8 million mu of land preparation of agricultural machinery will be completed this year. On the other hand, actively carry out agricultural machinery subsoiling land preparation operation subsidy pilot work, communicate with the provincial department of finance, and continue to establish agricultural machinery subsoiling land preparation pilot. "