Exploring the way of using Plant Protection Machinery for large Grain growers

"I'm going to let the Flying Tigers fly and the rice planthopper down." At the end of August, it was the gate for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of late rice. Zhang Aiguo, a major grain grower, was busy overhauling plant protection planes at the National Army Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Chuanxing Village, Paitou Township, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province. He gave his agricultural aircraft plant protection team a loud name: "Flying Tigers."

After "twists and turns", the old chapter with some knowledge of mechanical technology made the plant protection plane fly over the rice field. after the first wine and medicine of late rice, the insecticidal effect was obvious, and other "service orders" were also sent to the door. Seeing that the "Flying Tigers" have a bright future, Lao Zhang plans to deploy several plant protection planes to carry out a second round of alcohol and medicine by mid-September, so as to truly effectively realize "insect mouth grabbing grain."

Application status: exploring the use of plant protection machinery for large grain growers

Hunan is "the largest province of rice", but rice is also affected by diseases and insect pests. Many places in Hunan have experienced the "pest disaster" of skin-cutting.

In 2010, Hunan Province lost 462 million jin of rice due to a single disease caused by rice black-streaked dwarf disease in southern China. Liuyang Agricultural Insurance alone paid more than 14 million yuan to the city's more than 30, 000 mu of lost paddy fields; even in the past two or three years, as much as 500000 tons of rice were lost every year due to diseases and insect pests.

We fought against drought last year and against pests this year. This year's special weather of "not hot in midsummer and not cool in late autumn" makes farmers feel even more horrible that "worms are coming." For middle and late rice in Hunan, due to continuous overcast and rainy weather, there is a high risk of recurrence of sheath blight, rice blast and rice false smut. For example, sheath blight is more serious than last year, with an area of 20.45 million mu, an increase of 6.6% over the same period last year. Rice blast is at great risk in some old disease areas and areas with large planting areas of susceptible varieties.

"thus it can be seen that if the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is not good, there will be disasters, and prevention and control means disaster reduction. In order to achieve the goal of seizing grain by late rice pests, the prevention and control of rice diseases and pests is the key measure to achieve this goal. " Ou Gaocai, director of Hunan Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station, said: in the process of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, plant protection work needs advanced agricultural equipment to support. At present, the utilization rate of plant protection mechanization in Hunan is still low, and there is still a lot of room for development.

The relevant person in charge of Hunan Agricultural Machinery Bureau told the reporter that in the six links of mechanization, the plant protection rate of machinery is relatively low. At present, more than 50 service organizations have purchased 60 single-rotor aircraft and 40 multi-rotor aircraft, with an operating area of only 280000 mu.

How to mobilize farmers to carry out mechanized plant protection? The practice of Xiangtan County Agricultural Machinery Bureau is to mobilize large households to demonstrate and drive. Zhang Aiguo was the first "crab eater" in Xiangtan. In April last year, he spent 210000 yuan on Xiangtan's first agricultural miniature plant protection aircraft. Last year, he completed more than 8300 mu of work and earned nearly 200000 yuan. Excluding all costs, the net profit was nearly 100000 yuan. After the first taste, Laozhang took a fancy to the potential "flight defense" market, and he wanted to buy more, but because the cost was too high, within a year, he ordered 30 mainframes and accessories for mini agricultural plant protection aircraft in three batches and assembled them himself. Four have been successfully assembled so far.

The five plant protection planes of the "Flying Tigers" have demonstrated their skills in this year's late rice pest control war. In early August, Zhang Aiguo sent five "Flying Tigers" to fight, responsible for the plant protection of more than 2000 mu of rice in the cooperative. In Zhang Aiguo's view, the plant protection aircraft has many advantages: first, it is "time-saving", with high operation efficiency, which can sprinkle one mu of land in 2 minutes, and the daily working time can reach 4mu, with an area of 150,350 mu; the second is "labor-saving". The use of unmanned plant protection aircraft can greatly improve efficiency and reduce labor costs by 20 to 30 yuan per mu, while the use of plant protection aircraft can also avoid heatstroke and poisoning of workers in hot days. The third is "fluid-saving". Under the condition of normal climate and good manipulator skills, the liquor is evenly saved, the application quality is better, and the prevention and control effect is guaranteed.

Farmers worry: how to contain the high cost and high failure?

Although the plant protection aircraft "saves time, labor and fluid", what makes the old chapter "worry-free" is that the cost of purchasing the machine is relatively high, so the old chapter has no choice but to buy accessories to assemble the whole machine.

Hunan plant protection plant inspection station carefully calculated an account, the market price of single rotor aircraft is 15-220000 yuan, multi-rotor 4-240000 yuan, the general service life is about 300 hours, and the operating cost per mu is 14Mu18 yuan, which is 30% higher than that of other pesticide application machinery, so the service life is short, and the operating cost is relatively high.

If you buy unidentified plant protection aircraft or "buy zero group integration", although the cost is less, it brings uncontrollable safety risks. Take Laozhang for example, since the beginning of this year, three plant protection planes have crashed into telephone poles due to improper control and had to take the time to repair them.

Chen Yuehua, director of the Pharmaceutical and Mechanical Section of Hunan Plant Protection Plant Inspection Station, said: according to the investigation, taking agricultural plant protection unmanned helicopters as an example, all types of aircraft in Hunan Province have a relatively high failure rate. Relatively speaking, the failure rate of single-rotor engines is higher than that of multi-rotor motors, and the failure rate of oil engines in some enterprises is particularly high. According to the preliminary statistics of Hunan Province, there were more than 300 accidents in field operations, and a service organization bought a multi-rotor plant protection aircraft, but the remote control system failed on the first day of application.

Behind the failure lies the weakness of the research and development of plant protection aircraft. There is a serious shortage of talents in the research and application of agricultural plant protection unmanned helicopter, and the existing R & D personnel and flight controllers basically come from aircraft model enthusiasts, which inevitably leads to some defects of the products. Five enterprises in Hunan produce unmanned helicopters for agricultural plant protection with a production capacity of about 1000 units per year, but at present, only the YG-1 and 3ZD-10A models developed by Hunan Bolian Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. have passed the "new product appraisal".

Therefore, the research, development, promotion and application of agricultural plant protection unmanned helicopters have attracted the attention of senior officials in Hunan Province. Xu Shousheng, secretary of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee, and du Jiahao, governor of Hunan Province, went to the field to investigate the field application of pesticides, and made special instructions respectively to support the research and development of enterprises and the application of professional organizations. With the promotion of the government, local standards were issued, and the first domestic local standard for ultra-low altitude remote control flying plant protection aircraft was issued in Hunan at the end of last year. The declared "key Technology Research and demonstration Popularization of Plant Protection Unmanned helicopter in Precision Agriculture" has been listed as a major core technology project in Hunan Province. With joint training and operators, Hunan Agricultural Plant Protection Department, Hunan Aviation Vocational and Technical College and Hunan Biomechatronic Vocational and Technical College have established a training base for unmanned helicopter operators, and now the first phase of training has reached 110 trainees.

In order to reduce the cost of purchasing machines for farmers, in 2014, the agricultural plant protection unmanned helicopter developed by Hunan took the lead in entering the national agricultural machinery subsidy catalogue through the examination and approval of the Ministry of Agriculture, enjoying 50, 000 yuan per unit. The provincial capital Changsha raised the secondary financial subsidy to 100000 yuan.

Only in this way, after saving time, effort and fluid, can we really save worry and make plant protection machinery "fly" better.