The introduction experiment lights up the seed selection for farmers

"when I have time, I will take a look around the experimental field to see which variety is growing well and producing well. I will choose this variety next year. Last year, I selected seeds according to the experimental plots. My family planted 'Liangyu 99' on more than 60 mu of land, and the yield per mu reached more than 1700 jin. " Li Wei, Gucheng Bao Cun, Babao Town, Kaiyuan City, Tieling City, Liaoning Province, told reporters. Now that it is early September, the harvest of corn is approaching, and Li Wei goes to the fields more frequently. He wants to select the ideal variety through on-site observation. Song Shaoming of Guchengbao Village told reporters that his family also chose the same variety last year, with an output of more than 1700 jin.

In 2014, 50 new maize varieties were tested in Tieling seed Management Station, all of which have been approved by the state and Liaoning Province since 2010 (including 2010). The suitable planting area covers the new corn varieties produced in Tieling area.

Optimize the industrial structure and tap the potential of increasing production

Tieling City is the main corn producing area in Liaoning Province, with an annual corn production area of nearly 5 million mu, accounting for about 60% of the city's crop production area. Five years ago, the Tieling municipal party committee and municipal government proposed a grain production project of 10 billion jin, that is, the city's grain output should be increased by 3 billion jin. Corn is the main food crop in Tieling City. To increase grain production, we must first increase the yield of corn.

Tieling City is an area of ecological diversity, which can be divided into five ecological regions according to the characteristics of climate and natural environment, namely, southern plain, central plain and southern mild mountain area, north-central wavy plain and semi-mountainous area, northwest wind-sand area and eastern cool mountain area. Due to the differences in physiological characteristics among different maize varieties, the suitable maize varieties in different ecological regions are different.

There are many varieties of corn in the market, and farmers have great blindness in choosing corn varieties in production, which restricts the further improvement of corn yield in the whole city. In order to determine the suitable maize varieties in different ecological regions of the city, optimize the planting structure of maize in the whole city, maximize the yield potential of excellent varieties, increase the yield of maize in the whole city, and provide an experimental platform for breeders, since 2008, Tieling seed Management Station has organized and carried out the introduction experiment and high-yield variety display of new maize varieties in different ecological regions.

Liu Zhengyi, director of the Tieling Municipal Committee of Agriculture, said: "in order to screen new varieties that are suitable for planting in our city with stable yield, high yield, high quality, wide range of resistance, suitable for mechanization, facilities, and meet the needs of modern agricultural development, and guide farmers to select improved varieties and use good methods, give full play to the potential of improved varieties to increase production. Combined with the characteristics of ecological diversity in our city, Tieling City has carried out ecological, scientific and standardized maize variety display and new variety introduction experiments for many years. "

Kaiyuan Grand seed Industry Science and Technology Development Company is one of the units responsible for testing new varieties in Tieling City. Jiang Hongda, general manager of the company, told reporters: "We have 120 mu of experimental fields for new variety breeding and testing. Among them, it undertakes the task of testing 50 varieties in the municipal seed management station. Every autumn, we organize farmers to make field visits to the fields, and many farmers come spontaneously to inspect them. "

Zhang Hong, director of the Tieling seed Management Station, told reporters: "in order to screen out corn varieties suitable for planting in our city as soon as possible, promote the orderly development of the seed market, improve the scientific quality of seed enterprises, and meet the planting needs of farmers, we give full play to the concept of management innovation and keeping pace with the times, constantly update the test content, make the variety test more scientific and rigorous, and provide a scientific basis for government decision-making."

From 2010, the regionalization of the introduction test of new maize varieties in Tieling City has become more perfect. According to the differences of effective accumulated temperature and soil types in different regions, the ecological region of the whole city is divided into four regions: the central and southern part of Tieling, the semi-arid area of northwest Changchang, the northern plain of Changbei and the eastern mountain area of Tieling. Nine experimental sites for the introduction of new maize varieties in Tieling City in 2010 were carried out in these four regions. On the basis of plot screening test, regional evaluation test and variety display test, the high yield test was added.

The experimental field of Tienan seed Co., Ltd. in Tieling City represents the eastern mountain area of Tieling. The reporter saw that the management level of the experimental field was very high, and it was specially set aside for observation in the middle of the ground, so that it was convenient for visitors to visit. Liu Yan, general manager of Tienan seed Co., Ltd., said: "We took 10 mu of land from our experimental field for the municipal seed management station to do experiments. There are 50 varieties, one of which occupies 150 square meters. The purpose of doing variety experiments is not to make money, but also to put money into it, but it is very intuitive and convenient for farmers to choose seeds. "

Zhang Hong told reporters: "through the experiment, the blindness of planting new varieties has been avoided, so that farmers can more intuitively understand the local performance of more new varieties, and guide farmers to select excellent varieties in accordance with local conditions. In previous years, we have organized test units, farmers' cooperatives and large-scale seed dealers to participate in the trial and observation meeting. This year, we have changed the model and set up an open period, which is not limited to one day. Farmers can come any day to facilitate their seed selection. " The experimental observation activity in autumn has changed from "pull-through" observation to open observation.

Through the test and demonstration of new varieties, the high yield, stress resistance and adaptability of new varieties were comprehensively identified, and the excellent crop varieties suitable for planting in different ecological regions of Tieling City were selected in order to strengthen the adjustment of planting industry in the whole city. to improve crop yield and provide a scientific basis for the orientation of main varieties and the popularization of new varieties in the city. At the same time, it has improved the service level of seed management in Tieling City and effectively safeguarded the interests of farmers.

Feng Shouye, director of the Changtu County seed Management Station, told the reporter: "the test new varieties play a guiding and propaganda role." Now that there are so many varieties of seeds, it is really difficult for farmers to choose seeds. The introduction experiment is organized and carried out by the seed management department, and everything is open to the public. from a fair point of view, some dealers can avoid being partial to water and fertilizer during the trial. "

Improved varieties and methods complement each other and popularize

In addition to climate, rainfall and other natural factors, planting technology also plays an important role in affecting maize yield. The selection of excellent seeds and corresponding cultivation techniques are important factors affecting the final yield of maize. In order to fully tap the yield of excellent maize varieties, Tieling seed Management Station vigorously advocated the matching planting of improved varieties and methods according to different maize ecological regions, and achieved a good effect of increasing production.

Last year, three high-yield test sites for planting improved varieties and improved methods were set up, and each test unit carried out sowing and management in strict accordance with the improved varieties and methods provided by the participating units. Finally, through the experiment, we basically mastered the improved varieties and planting methods that should be selected in different ecological regions. For example, in the wind-sand arid area in the west, it is appropriate to sow flat and reduce evaporation; in the northern dry area, the soil preparation in autumn and the sowing effect of machine sowing is good.

Zhang Hong told the reporter that at present, the introduction, demonstration and test of new maize varieties in Tieling City are moving towards a standardized and scientific track, and variety introduction, demonstration and testing will spread to all ecological areas of the city. It will continue to increase the promotion of fine maize varieties in the city, fully demonstrate the role of new varieties in increasing production and income, and provide scientific guidance for farmers to select excellent varieties. To contribute to the 10 billion jin of grain project in Tieling.