Thoughts on speeding up the Construction of Farmers' specialized Cooperative Economic organizations

In recent years, some farmers' professional cooperative organizations have appeared in rural areas of Qingzhen City, Guizhou Province, which have played a positive role in promoting agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' income, rural development and speeding up the pace of building a well-off society in rural areas. By the end of 2013, the number of farmers' professional cooperative organizations in Qingzhen had reached 201, including 123 in planting, 11 in aquaculture, 47 in service industry and 12 in other industries, basically covering all key industries. 2188 farmers have joined the cooperatives, driving more than 40, 000 peasant households.

The professional cooperative organizations of farmers in Qingzhen City show the following characteristics: first, the industrial distribution is dominated by planting and breeding industry. There are 134 breeding and breeding cooperative organizations in the city, accounting for 66.67 percent of the city's total, of which 55 are engaged in production services and integrated production, processing and marketing services, most of which are concentrated in technology, information and other services related to agricultural production and operation. there are no cooperative organizations engaged in transportation and marketing, warehousing, processing and other service industries. Second, there are various forms of organization. From the perspective of organizational form, there are "company + base + peasant household", "cooperative organization + base + peasant household", "company + peasant household", "cooperative organization + peasant household" and so on. From the point of view of the main body, it is mainly led by village cadres and capable large households, and most of the leaders of farmers' professional cooperative organizations are large and capable families in the village, village group cadres, migrant workers returning home, and so on. Third, the strength of cooperative organizations is generally weak. There are only 6 with registered capital of more than 10 million yuan, 5 with 500-10 million yuan and 57 with 10-5 million yuan. Some cooperative organizations do not have fixed assets, some do not have their own breeding bases, and some do not have their own office space.

After several years of development, farmers' professional cooperative organizations in Qingzhen City have shown a good trend of development and accelerated the pace of building a synchronous well-off society in rural areas. First, it has promoted the development of agricultural industrialization. It has promoted the popularization and application of advanced agricultural technology, and formed a number of characteristic industries such as grapes in Hongfeng Lake Town and vegetables in Zhanjie Town. Through the implementation of unified brand and packaging, unified product sales and other "six unified" system, raised the level of agricultural industrialization. Second, it has increased the income of farmers. According to the survey and statistics, the income of farmers who join farmers' professional cooperative organizations is higher than that of non-member farmers, with an average increase of about 20%. The income of individual cooperative organization members is as high as 30-40%, while that of radiation-driven farmers is about 10%. Third, it has improved the production skills of farmers. Some farmers' professional cooperative organizations carry out production technical training every year, and organize members to go out to study and inspect, thus effectively improving farmers' production skills. Fourth, it effectively docks the market. As a bridge and link between farmers and enterprises and between farmers and the market, farmers' professional cooperative organizations have established sales channels such as "agricultural super docking" and "agricultural school docking". Effectively solve the contradiction between farmers'"small production" and urban "big market", so that agricultural products enter the market more quickly.

Although the development of farmers' professional cooperative organizations in Qingzhen has achieved certain results, due to the late start, there are still some problems in the process of development. From the perspective of internal operation, there are mainly four problems: first, the service-driven ability is weak. In terms of service content, cooperative organizations mostly stay in some low-level services such as the supply of means of production; most of them cooperate in township and village areas, with little cross-regional operation, small radiation and weak driving ability. Second, the operation is not standard enough. Although most of the existing cooperative organizations have formulated articles of association and various systems, most of them are non-existent, and many cooperative organizations have not established a reasonable benefit distribution mechanism. Third, the members are too old and their quality is not high. As the rural young and middle-aged labor force goes out to work all the year round, most of them are middle-aged and elderly in cooperative organizations, and their cultural quality is generally low. Fourth, marketing lags behind. Most cooperative organizations take wholesale and retail as the main marketing channels, and there are many problems in the "agricultural super docking", such as serious deduction, difficulties in settlement, long cycle, great changes in the way of cooperation, and so on. There are few brands of agricultural products in cooperative organizations. quality certification lags behind. From the perspective of the external environment of cooperatives, we are still faced with the following difficulties: first, there is little support. At present, due to financial difficulties, there is no special support fund for farmers' cooperatives. Second, it is difficult to get a loan. According to the regulations of financial institutions, cooperative organizations cannot apply for loans, but can only apply for loans in the name of individual members, but most members are unwilling to take risks and do not want to make joint loans; in addition, cooperative organization loans must be mortgaged with fixed assets, but most peasant cooperative organizations are weak in strength, have few fixed assets, and some even have no fixed assets. Third, it is difficult to introduce. The scale of the cooperative organization is small, talents cannot be attracted or retained, and the invited experts are unable to guide the production and operation of the cooperative organization for a long time. In addition, difficulties in land use, electricity consumption, taxation, insurance, guarantee and transportation are also faced in production and operation. Among them, the more common ones are: first, the problem of tax declaration. Farmers' professional cooperatives are tax-free enterprises. however, they have to go through the tax declaration procedures with the local IRS every month, especially the planting cooperatives with strong product seasonality, which is very tedious and complicated. The second is the problem of transportation. The time limit for entering the city by the low-price fresh through train of the cooperative organization is too short, and the overtime will be fined. Whether we are well-off or not depends on our fellow villagers. The development of farmers' cooperative organizations is an effective way to improve the degree of organization of farmers, improve the efficiency of agricultural output and achieve a synchronous well-off society in rural areas. the government and relevant departments should actively support its development and give full play to its advantages. to promote the development of modern agriculture with a new mode of management.

First, strengthen policy support. First, improve the credit support policy. With reference to the honest farmer construction system of Qingzhen City, we formulate a special credit evaluation system for farmers' cooperative organizations, and grant credit to cooperative organizations on the basis of credit evaluation. Finance should give a certain discount to loans to solve the problem of seasonal and temporary shortage of funds in cooperative organizations. Set up guarantee funds, set up agricultural small loan guarantee companies, and allow farmers' cooperative organizations to use their own assets as collateral or members to go through loan formalities in the form of joint insurance. We will establish a joint loan guarantee mechanism to encourage and standardize credit cooperation and mutual financial assistance among cooperative organizations. Expand the scope of agricultural insurance of cooperative organizations and improve their ability to resist market risks. The second is to implement preferential tax policies. We will conscientiously implement the preferential policy of tax relief and reduction. At the same time, simplify the relevant tax declaration, tax, tax refund procedures, such as farmers' professional cooperative organizations need to receive or issue seasonal and temporary invoices, the tax department shall provide convenience, allowing direct collection and issuance of invoices at the service window; cooperative organizations engaged in seasonal production are allowed to declare tax to the tax bureau only in the production season, and may be exempted from the tax declaration procedures in other seasons. The third is to improve other supporting policies. We will further improve the preferential policies of farmers' cooperative organizations in land use, electricity consumption, green channels, advertising, and so on, and provide necessary support for the production, processing, warehousing and other construction land needed by the cooperative organizations. we will increase guidance and support for "agricultural super-docking".

Second, strengthen the creation of demonstration. Formulate standards for demonstration and cooperative organizations at county and township levels, carry out evaluation and demonstration cooperative organizations, select a number of cooperative organizations with obvious industrial characteristics, large scale of operation, excellent quality and safety, and focus on cultivation of cooperative organizations in different industries and types, select excellent demonstration and cooperative organizations every year, and gradually build a number of farmers' cooperative demonstration organizations with regional and industrial characteristics in the whole city. Implement dynamic management of demonstration and cooperative organizations, carry out regular or irregular supervision and inspection, disqualify demonstration and cooperative organizations as soon as they are found to be unqualified, and shall not apply for demonstration and cooperative organization projects again within 3 years.

Third, strengthen technical support. In view of the talents of farmers' professional cooperative organizations in the city, we should strengthen scientific and technological training, give priority to arranging members of farmers' professional cooperative organizations to receive agricultural science and technology training such as "Sunshine Project", and give priority to farmers' professional cooperative organizations to implement the construction project of "science and technology demonstration households". Villages and towns with conditions can set up a "cooperative service day" and organize the directors of all cooperative organizations and some members of cooperative organizations to participate. Help cooperative organizations to broaden their service areas and enhance their marketing capabilities.

Fourth, strengthen financial support. The finance will allocate a certain amount of special funds every year, which will be mainly used to support demonstration and cooperative organizations, infrastructure construction and technical training. Encourage and support the construction of agricultural and rural economic projects, entrusting and arranging the implementation of qualified farmers' cooperative organizations. Farmers' professional cooperative organizations that register brands, obtain "three products and one standard" and certification of famous-brand agricultural products shall be given an one-time reward.

Fifth, strengthen guidance and assistance. Focus on strengthening the operation and management capacity, production and processing capacity of farmers' professional cooperative organizations. For the existing farmers' professional cooperative organizations, we should help them formulate articles of association, equip leading groups, establish a good system, improve their organizational structure, and standardize their internal management. Establish and improve the interest connection mechanism, profit distribution mechanism and business service mechanism. Assist cooperative organizations to clarify their development ideas, guide cooperative organizations to actively develop the agricultural product processing industry, pay attention to the intensive processing of products, quality certification and brand building, establish a marketing network, and broaden the service field and industrial development space. We will support the cooperation organizations in the construction of infrastructure such as warehousing, refrigeration and primary processing needed by the agricultural products processing industry.

Sixth, strengthen policy propaganda. Adopt flexible and various forms, vigorously publicize and support the preferential policies for the development of farmers' professional cooperative organizations, and create a good atmosphere and public opinion environment to encourage and support the development of farmers' professional cooperative organizations. Actively organize farmers' professional cooperative organizations to participate in various agricultural product fairs, negotiation fairs, product conferences and well-known brand selection activities, so as to create conditions for cooperative organizations to open up the market.