How to sell soybeans in the future? focus on the target price reform of agricultural products.

At present, soybeans in Northeast China are about to enter the harvest period, and farmers are wondering whether they can get a good price for soybeans this year, which is also a matter of great concern to local cadres.

Farmers already know that this year, the state has abolished the temporary collection and storage policy and no longer buys soybeans at the market-supporting prices in previous years, but implements the target price policy, and they want to sell soybeans at market prices.

In May, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly announced that this year's target price of soybeans is 4800 yuan per ton. When the soybean market price is lower than the target price, the state subsidizes the producers in the pilot area according to the price difference, planting area and other factors; when the market price is higher than the target price, the state does not issue subsidies. At present, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia and other pilot provinces are making strenuous efforts to formulate implementation rules to fully implement the soybean target price subsidy program.

The positive effect of policy is beginning to show.

Wang Xiaoyu, deputy secretary general of the Heilongjiang Soybean Industry Association, told reporters that the positive effects of the soybean target price subsidy policy have been initially shown. It is preliminarily estimated that the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang has changed the situation of sharp decline in the previous few years. This year, the planting area is stable at more than 37 million mu, of which the soybean planting area in Hailun City this year reached 1.39 million mu, an increase of nearly 200000 mu over last year.

The person in charge of the Inner Mongolia Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry also said that the target subsidy policy for soybeans, which directly subsidizes farmers, can effectively protect the basic income of farmers and help to improve farmers' enthusiasm for planting soybeans.

The positive effect of soybean target price subsidy policy is beginning to show, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in order to steadily increase soybean acreage.

The Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of Changsheng Township, Kedong County, Heilongjiang Province has 32000 mu of cultivated land and 20, 000 mu of soybean planting area. Chairman he Chengchun is not very optimistic about the soybean planting income of the cooperative this year. The reason is that the target price of soybeans announced by the state is lower than farmers' expectations, which is not enough to arouse farmers' enthusiasm for planting soybeans. Guo Changsheng, deputy director of the Heilongjiang Hailun Municipal Committee of Agriculture, believes that there is a contradiction between corn and soybean in Heilongjiang, and only when the planting income is equal, the soybean planting area can be relatively stable. The target price subsidy of soybean should refer to the income of planting corn and make the income of planting soybean close to that of corn in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to grow soybean.

Although the target price of soybean this year is higher than that of last year, it still does not change the current situation of low efficiency of soybean cultivation. If the soybean target price subsidy can not make the soybean planting income close to corn, it will not be able to change the shrinking soybean acreage. " He Chengchun said.

It is difficult for the policy to land.

It is understood that at present, major soybean producing areas such as the three eastern provinces and Inner Mongolia are formulating implementation rules to ensure the landing of the soybean target price policy. However, the new policy is faced with thousands of farmers, and the biggest difficulty to implement is how to accurately subsidize soybean growers with high efficiency and low cost.

Lan Haitao, a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that the target price of soybean is directly subsidized by agricultural producers, and the key is how to define agricultural producers. In the early stage, we should give priority to general farmers, taking into account new business entities such as family farms, professional cooperatives and so on. In the later stage, new business entities such as family farms, professional cooperatives and professional cooperatives should be given priority to, taking into account the general farmers. This will help to promote large-scale family management and cultivate a new type of professional farmers.

The implementation of target price subsidy policy needs to be supported by very scientific and accurate data. Because our country has not paid attention to the collection and collation of farmers' basic data and information for a long time, it is not realistic to get "very scientific and accurate data" in the short term, so we can only implement the target price policy subsidy on the basis of basic scientific and accurate data.

Lan Haitao believes that the following measures should be taken to ensure the smooth implementation of the soybean target price subsidy policy: first, to gradually establish a target price subsidy information database in the main producing areas. The content of the information base includes subsidy object, area, amount, region, output, per unit yield and so on. The second is to use high-tech means to help determine the soybean planting area to solve the problem of information asymmetry according to the area subsidy. The third is to establish an open, transparent and efficient reward and punishment mechanism. The procedures and key details of receiving state subsidies should be made public in rural areas and subject to the supervision of villagers. Farmers who withhold state subsidies for concealing the acreage of important agricultural products shall be severely punished. The fourth is to provide subsidies for work in rural areas. Most of the pilot areas are in financial difficulties, and there is a lack of funds in rural areas. the central finance can take the form of subsidies or rewards to entrust local governments to give appropriate subsidies to rural work funds to mobilize the enthusiasm of the grass-roots level.

Make every effort to stabilize the planting area

In the soybean industrial park of Kedong County, Heilongjiang Province, Kedongyu King Soybean protein Food Co., Ltd. is installing and debugging equipment. Under the situation that domestic soybean processing enterprises stopped production on a large scale, Yuwang Group bucked the trend and invested in the construction of a processing plant with an annual output of 10, 000 tons of soybean protein and 300000 tons of soybean meal in Kedong County. Zhu Chunmin, head of the company, said that what they are most worried about is the declining acreage of soybeans, the rising prices caused by the shortage of soybeans, and the double pressure of raw material shortages and rising costs.

Under the support of the temporary storage policy for many years, the price of soybean continues to rise. Due to the high price of temporary storage, the price of domestic soybean is much higher than that of imported soybean, and a large number of domestic soybean enters the national warehouse. The state sells the harvested and stored soybeans at a reasonable price, which distorts the market price formation mechanism. Under this purchase and sale mechanism, soybean processing enterprises mainly obtain raw materials through bidding for national reserves of soybeans, and most of them are in a state of phased start-up. It is understood that the average annual start-up time of Heilongjiang soybean processing enterprises is only one month, and the province's annual soybean processing capacity is 15 million tons, but the actual annual processing is only about 2 million tons. In order to reduce production costs, some enterprises have turned to coastal areas to build factories and buy imported soybeans as raw materials.

Wang Xiaoyu believes that after the implementation of the soybean target price policy, the soybean price will be determined by the market, and the purchasing and marketing mechanism will be straightened out. Soybean processing enterprises can obtain soybean sources at market prices, which will help enterprises to reduce production costs and increase profits. However, after the complete opening of the market, we still need to pay attention to such issues as how to sell soybeans, to whom, what price, whether processing enterprises can obtain stable raw materials, and how to realize the effective docking between soybean farmers and enterprises.

For processing enterprises, they are most worried that after the opening of the market, soybean prices rise and fall greatly, affecting the operation of enterprises. Nie Xiaojun, general manager of Heilongjiang Dongxue Biotechnology Co., Ltd., believes that while implementing the target price subsidy for soybeans, the state should also do a good job in macro-control, stabilize soybean acreage, guide farmers to rotate crops reasonably, and ensure a stable supply of soybeans.