Private credit is still the main channel of financing for farmers.

"nowadays, farming costs hundreds of thousands of yuan, and there is still no clue about the loan." A few days ago, Zhang United, head of Xiangrui Agricultural planting Cooperative, Shiyuan Township, Qi County, Henan Province, was very helpless. Qixian rural credit cooperatives, which are reluctant to lend, also have difficulties: in addition to the less collateral of lenders, the vegetable planting industry is vulnerable to natural disasters and difficult sales, so it belongs to an industry with high cost and high risk. The "loan difficulty" of farmers and the "loan difficulty" of rural credit cooperatives are like two strands of rope forming a dead knot, which restricts farmers' getting rich and the development of rural credit cooperatives.

Since the beginning of this year, weak links such as small and micro enterprises and "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" have been the key areas supported by the state's macro-control. Recently, the "guidance on multiple measures and efforts to alleviate the problem of high financing costs of enterprises" issued by the State Office proposed to actively and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial institutions with characteristics for small and micro enterprises and "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and increase financial supply. How to solve the dilemma of "loan difficulty" and "loan difficulty"? The reporter conducted an in-depth interview in Henan.

Farmers are "difficult to get loans":

Can not find guarantee and pledge, private credit is still the main channel of financing

Recently, the reporter came to Huangzhuang Village, Shiyuan Township, Qi County. Only about a dozen greenhouses in the Xiangrui agricultural planting cooperative base are still growing vegetables, and the rest are basically idle. "it's not that you don't want to plant. You really don't have the money to invest any more. You need to invest nearly 100000 yuan in a shed." Zhang Jie said.

In 2011, he joined several villagers to set up professional cooperatives, transferred more than 100 mu of land and built dozens of vegetable greenhouses. I wanted to lead the members to get rich, but even my life was in trouble.

Zhang Jian really couldn't think of any other way, so he had to try his luck at the bank again. He took the business license and the land transfer contract agreement and went to Shiyuan Township Business Department of Qixian Rural Credit Cooperatives again.

"you can't pledge a loan, you can only take a credit loan. The specific amount depends on the final examination and approval, and each household generally does not exceed 90,000 yuan." The credit officer of the rural credit cooperatives advised Zhang to find several solvent guarantors, or to provide property guarantee, so that the loan line can be increased.

"although the new house in my family is worth more than 200,000 yuan, it can't be mortgaged. The bank asked to find someone to guarantee, relatives and friends with good financial conditions have been borrowed, and the rest of the poor conditions do not meet the guarantee conditions. " Zhang Jun told reporters that to say the least, even if the credit loan is approved, tens of thousands of yuan of capital is still a drop in the bucket.

The reporter learned from Qixian Bureau of Industry and Commerce that since 2007, the county has registered 1692 professional cooperatives of all kinds. The various "difficulties" encountered by Zhang United loan is a microcosm of farmers' financing difficulties.

"some cooperatives do not operate regularly and do not have sound financial data, and the concerns of financial institutions are understandable." Li Feng, head of Chunfeng Fruit and vegetable Professional Cooperative in Zhongmou County, Zhengzhou, told reporters that at present, the main financing channel for members is private lending.

Rural credit cooperatives are "difficult to lend":

The historical burden is heavy, the system and mechanism is not smooth, and the laws and regulations are not matched.

Farmers complain that it is difficult to get loans, and rural credit cooperatives also have their reasons. "with the emergence of the 'dilemma' situation, it is indeed a bit unfair to beat the board entirely on the rural credit cooperatives." Lu Yi, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Henan Rural Credit Union, believes that rural credit cooperatives, as the main financial force of rural economic and social development, shoulder important social responsibilities.

It is understood that for a long time, due to the low rate of return on agriculture, some state-owned commercial banks began to cancel rural outlets. On the other hand, the rural credit cooperatives, which are carrying a heavy burden, continue to expand the scale of their outlets and expand the field of supporting agriculture.

"affected by a variety of factors, rural credit cooperatives have a heavy historical burden, and non-performing loans cannot be stripped off, but can only be resolved by themselves; at the same time, there are some outstanding problems in varying degrees, such as the system and mechanism is not smooth, the corporate governance structure is not perfect, the internal control system is weak, and the mode of operation is difficult to meet the requirements of modern economic and social development." Dong Jinquan, chairman of rural credit cooperatives in the suburbs of Zhengzhou, told reporters.

"for example, agents distribute all kinds of financial subsidies related to agriculture, which must be paid directly to each peasant household's account. The cost of printing a passbook for each township rural credit cooperative costs 30,000 yuan. There are more than 2000 townships in the province, not counting the manpower cost. It does not count the loss caused by the impact on normal business and the hindered business development. The direct cost alone needs 60 million yuan, which is a loss-making call. " Lu Yi made an account for the reporter.

"Rural credit cooperatives can only operate in their own county, which is determined by the institutional mechanism. If it is transformed into an agricultural commercial bank, it can break through the regional restrictions to develop its business, so as to enhance its comprehensive strength, reduce operational risks and digest non-performing assets. " Lu Yi concluded that the real crux of the "dilemma" lies in two points: one is that the collateral is not enough, and the other is that the risk transfer mechanism has not been formed.

Ding Jihong, director of the Rural Credit Cooperation Association of Zhongmou County, which is preparing for the establishment of an agricultural commercial bank, said that due to the lack of matching financial laws and regulations, the policy still faces many problems in implementation. For example, the state policy supports the use of contracted management rights of rural land, forest rights and income rights of contracted land, but the guarantee Law clearly states that collectively owned land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private land and private mountains shall not be mortgaged, and the property Law also continues this provision.

How to solve the dilemma:

Invigorate rural assets, improve agricultural insurance, and promote the reform of rural credit cooperatives

"the positioning of rural credit cooperatives and the reform of the shareholding system are still lack of top-level design." In Lu Yi's view, the coexistence of "dilemmas" can only be solved by continuous exploration, continuous reform and continuous improvement in the course of innovation.

"in order to solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in loan, we must first solve the problem of insufficient mortgage. The state should support relevant financial laws and regulations as soon as possible, speed up the determination of rural land rights, start with tangible resource assets such as rural houses, orchards, forests, and large-scale agricultural machinery and tools, invigorate rural resource assets, and change 'invalid assets' into 'valuable assets'. " Ding Jihong said: at the same time, we should support the development of various forms of agricultural insurance, enhance the stability of farmers' income, and solve the problem of high risks in agricultural production.

In order to solve the 'loan difficulty' of rural credit cooperatives, it is necessary to support rural credit cooperatives to carry out reform and innovation within the scope of policies and service permits, so as to solve the problem of insufficient hematopoietic capacity of rural credit cooperatives. Of the 142 rural credit cooperatives in Henan Province, 30 have been restructured into agricultural commercial banks, insisting on restructuring without changing their surnames and changing their names. " Wu Peng, deputy director of the office of the provincial rural credit association, told reporters that the restructuring is only through market-oriented means to effectively resolve the historical burden, increase capital and shares, optimize the equity structure, effectively increase the supply of county funds, and enhance business vitality.

Kang Fengli, chairman of the Agricultural Commercial Bank of Yichuan County, said that in order to support the development of characteristic agriculture in Yichuan County, so far, the loan balance is 8.6 billion yuan, accounting for 68% of the county's financial market share.

"the state can also give more support to agriculture-related loans in terms of costs, such as through tax incentives and financial subsidies to reduce the operating costs of agriculture-related financial institutions." Dong Jinquan said.

"Rural credit cooperatives should build a unified legal person rural commercial bank in time when the conditions are ripe, and really build an internal mechanism that meets the requirements of modern joint-stock commercial banks." Ding Jihong suggested that only by effectively promoting the reform of the shareholding system, strengthening the construction of corporate governance structure, and continuously improving the internal control system, can we guard against various risks and improve operational efficiency.