The over-mining area of North China starts the battle of saving water and attacking difficulties in agriculture.

In recent years, the situation of over-exploitation of groundwater in North China water leakage bucket area is becoming more and more serious. It is necessary to make good use of Rain Water, pay attention to water saving, and make a fuss on planting structure, drought resistant varieties and water saving technology, so as to realize the transformation of agriculture from antagonistic agriculture to adaptive agriculture, from passive drought resistance to active disaster avoidance.

The Agriculture Department of Hebei Province announced a few days ago that Hebei will appropriately reduce the planting area of winter wheat irrigated by groundwater in areas with serious over-exploitation of groundwater, and change the two-cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn to one-year cropping system, so as to achieve "fallow in one season and rain in one season." tap the potential to increase production of autumn grain in the same period of rain and heat. Hebei also stipulates that farmers who reduce wheat planting in the project area will be subsidized according to the subsidy standard of 500 yuan per mu.

In early September, Beijing also issued a plan to set the seriously over-exploitation area of groundwater as a key control area, gradually and orderly withdraw from the cultivation of crops with high water consumption, and restore the function of water conservation by means of suitable forest, suitable grass, suitable fruit, suitable fallow and fallow ploughing, and the development of dry farming or planting ecological crops that cannot be withdrawn for the time being. According to the policy of "determining the industry by water", adjust and reduce the structure of water use.

Why did the two provinces and cities launch similar measures? Gao Xiangzhao, director of the Water Saving Department of the National Agricultural Technology extension Center, said that China uses 580 billion cubic meters of water every year, of which agricultural water accounts for 62%. The annual shortage of agricultural water is more than 30 billion cubic meters, and the average water consumption for producing 1 kg of grain is as high as 800kg, while the world's advanced level consumes only 500kg of water. On the one hand, there is no use of water, on the other hand, it is flooded. In this case, it is an inevitable choice to choose the opportunity to adjust the planting structure and promote the action of efficient water-saving irrigation.

"groundwater overexploitation areas must establish a long-term mechanism for sustainable agricultural development, so that the land can recuperate and reduce the amount of agricultural groundwater irrigation. This reflects that the new national strategy for food security pays more attention to agricultural environmental governance and sustainable development while paying more attention to the quantity of food. " Cheng Guoqiang, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council, said in an interview with the Economic Daily that the planning of Hebei and other places is a good move. This year, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposed for the first time to carry out a pilot project of recuperation and recuperation of agricultural resources, among which the comprehensive management of the over-mining funnel area of groundwater in North China was among them, and proposed that comprehensive measures such as financial rewards and subsidies and structural adjustment should be taken to ensure that the overall income level of farmers in the restoration area would not be reduced.

Wheat is a major water user of agricultural irrigation in the north, and it is also the focus of the planting structure adjustment of the two provinces and cities. From the comprehensive point of view of wheat water demand and natural precipitation, there is a basic balance of supply and demand in the Jianghuai region; the water shortage to the north of the Huaihe River is more than 100mm, and the precipitation to the north of the Yellow River can only meet 1/3 of the wheat water demand, and the gap needs irrigation; the northwest arid region mainly depends on irrigation.

Will the adjustment of planting structure affect the food security of the project area? Before the introduction of the plan, Hebei has carried out relevant pilot research. Wang Huijun, president of the Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, said: judging from the wheat fields of 5000 mu of micro-irrigation and fertilizer integration technology in Wuqiang County this year, under the premise of stable yield and increase production, water can be saved by 70 to 80 tons per mu. If it is popularized in the whole province, even if it is calculated according to 50 tons of water saving per mu, the water saving of 35 million mu of wheat in the province will be equivalent to the water consumption given to Hebei by the south-to-north water transfer plan.

On the basis of clarifying the annual water use standard of 200 cubic meters per mu of farmland, Beijing has also made use of measures such as facilities and agronomy to tap the potential of water-saving agriculture and ensure a stable supply of "vegetable baskets" products. Beijing is supporting the construction of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation facilities, and different planting structures use different facilities. Grain fields to promote mobile sprinkler irrigation, pointer sprinkler irrigation and other advanced water-saving equipment and water-fertilizer integration technology; vegetable fields to film-mulching irrigation and water-fertilizer integration of two water-saving technologies as the core.

In recent years, the scope and degree of drought in China are increasing, and the situation of over-exploitation of groundwater in North China water leakage bucket area is becoming more and more serious. Experts believe that to comply with the weather and the law of crop growth, we should not blindly increase the amount of irrigation, but strive to synchronize precipitation with the period of crop water demand. It is necessary to make good use of Rain Water, pay attention to water conservation, and make a fuss on planting structure, drought-resistant varieties, and water-saving technologies, so as to realize the transformation of agriculture from antagonistic agriculture to adaptive agriculture, and from passive drought resistance to active disaster avoidance. In addition, good technical measures such as deep ploughing, rational fertilization and intermediate ploughing management can effectively increase soil water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity and improve water use efficiency.