The method of cultivating soil in Orchid

The method of cultivating soil in Orchid

Planting orchids requires special soil, also known as orchid mud. The cultivation soil of orchids should be loose and ventilated, good exhaust, proper amount of fertilizer and no hidden diseases and insect pests. The composition of cultivated soil, made from one or more basic components (substrates). There are many kinds of these basic ingredients, such as soil, fertilizer and other materials. Some ingredients seem to have nothing to do with soil, but they are the substrates on which orchids stabilize plants and grow and develop.

1. The formula of cultivated soil. Plant orchids in East China generally like to use orchid mud from Shaoxing, Yuyao and other places. Emei Holland is also popular in recent years, but these cultivated soils are limited in quantity and expensive, and can only be used for changing pots. Planting in a large area requires hundreds of tons and thousands of tons of cultivated soil, and only local materials can be used. After years of practice and repeated screening, we have determined that the best formula is: four parts of yellow sandy soil, four parts of sawdust, two parts of river sand; in the case of yellow loam soil, one part of river sand, one part of sawdust, one part of yellow loam soil. All of them are fully mixed. The pH value of the prepared culture soil should be between 6.5 and 6.8, which is loose and permeable, has good water retention and permeability, and has comprehensive nutrition. River sand and sawdust are used to guide water and breath. sawdust is decomposed by bacteria and can slowly release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and so on. Yellow loam also contains a variety of trace elements. After years of observation, this formula is very suitable for orchid growth. It is especially suitable for domestication and cultivation of wild orchids, suitable for Cymbidium and Cymbidium, ideal for Cymbidium and Cymbidium, regardless of flowering rate and stress resistance.

2. Bamboo root mud. Refers to the soil at the root of bamboo bushes planted for many years. Due to the channeling of bamboo whip, bamboo root and the decay of bamboo leaves and bamboo shoot sheaths, this kind of soil becomes a soil with loose structure, good drainage, certain fertility but not too fertile, which is suitable for orchid growth. The quality of bamboo root mud depends on three factors: the first is the original soil quality, which is the predecessor and foundation of bamboo root mud, and the sandy loam is the best; the second is the age of bamboo clump planting, the longer the duration, the more full the effect of bamboo roots, bamboo leaves and bamboo whips; the third is the distance from bamboo, the closer to the soil, the better.

3. Vetch bran soil. Vetch bran is made by harvesting, drying and crushing the plants of green manure (Ziyunying). The vetch bran is formed by mixing, accumulating and maturing the vetch bran with bamboo root mud or general sandy loam. The preparation method is as follows: select the site for shelter from the rain, remove a layer of vetch bran from each layer of soil, pour once * dung water, so as to accumulate layer by layer; after stacking, wet the surface with water, and then close it with thin mud. It can be used after half a year of stacking fermentation. When in use, it is mixed with other culture soil in proportion.

4. Rotten leaf soil. Watering or fertilizing with fallen leaves or grass and tall stalks, sealed with thin mud, and made by ripening and sieving, it is best to use grass without seeds, and after full maturity, kill the seeds of diseases, insects and weeds, otherwise there will be a lot of weeds in orchid basin in the future.

5. Mountain mud. That is, the mountain forest soil where wild orchids were originally grown. The litter has accumulated and rotted with the soil for many years. Naturally formed rotten leaf soil, rich in humus, loose and breathable, is very suitable for the growth of orchids. In the case of convenient transportation, a large amount of mountain mud is used to plant orchids, which is relatively simple and economical, and it is better to domesticate and grow grass. The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest, especially the rotten leaf soil under the chestnut tree, is an ideal soil for orchids.

6. Pond mud. Combined with winter repair ponds and fish ponds, the mud is dug out, dried and then broken into fine grains, which can be used to cultivate all flowers, including orchids.

7. The land. That is, the loose topsoil in the field is selected, mixed with a little sandy soil or a small amount of rice chaff ash, and then some mature compost or fermented bean cake, rapeseed cake and other organic fertilizers are added to improve soil structure and strengthen fertilizer efficiency. After turning the pile for many times, mix well, and then sift through. This kind of soil is nearly neutral and not as good as humus soil. Therefore, it is reluctantly used only when there is no suitable humus soil or mountain sandy loam, mostly for the cultivation of coarse orchids.

8. Cow dung soil. The fermented dry cow dung was crushed and ground, mixed with sandy soil or topsoil, and prepared at the proportion of 1:3. It is best to choose the cow dung that is fed dry feed in winter, because after the hay is regurgitated by the cow's stomach, although the fiber is fine, it is still elastic, and it is plant fiber with certain nutrients. This kind of cow dung soil is soft and fat, which is very suitable for Langen's good spirits. This kind of cow dung soil is often used in Taiwan's art and orchid circles as a filling material for cultivating geophytic orchids, and the effect is very good.

In foreign countries, cultivated orchids generally use 5 parts of humus soil or rotten leaf soil, 1 part of Gaza, or 3 parts of peat soil plus 1 part of river sand, mixed with crushed cow dung and used after full mixing. The cultivation substrate of epiphytic orchid is mainly moss and ferns, with a small amount of leaves, small pieces of charcoal and dried cow dung.

Before planting orchid with soil, use sunlight to expose the soil for disinfection and sterilization. In the summer. Spread out the soil and let the sun be exposed for more than 3 days, which can kill germs and eggs.

The pH value of cultured soil should be determined and adjusted before use. For over-sour soil, lime can be used to adjust. For over-alkaline soil, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate are mixed into the soil.

In a word, it is appropriate to control the soil pH value at the point of neutral acidity (i.e. pH5.5-7). The use of organic fertilizer, such as grass, leaves retting fertilizer, adding to the soil to change the pH of the soil is a better way.

In addition, before planting orchids, the nutritive soil should be screened and graded to separate the large grains from the small ones. When planting orchids, put large grains at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage. At the same time, the degree of dryness and wetness of the soil should also be adjusted, not too wet or too dry. It is best to squeeze the soil mass in the hand, the soil can form a mass; release the hand and shake it off, and the soil will disperse into particles again, so that the dry humidity is suitable.