Corn Machine harvesting changes the traditional "three Autumn" into "one Autumn"

The annual autumn harvest is coming again. At a time when the mechanized harvest of many corn producing areas in China is still at a low level, cities in Shandong Province have taken the lead in realizing the mechanization of the whole process of corn production. It is estimated that the harvested area of corn machine will reach 850000 mu this year, and the yield of corn machine will exceed 90%. What is the reason for accelerating the mechanization of corn production in Zhucheng? The author went deep into Zhucheng to conduct an investigation and interview.

Multi-channel attack "key breakthrough"

Li Qinghua, member of the standing Committee of the Zhucheng Municipal CPC Committee and vice mayor, said: "since the mechanization of the whole process of wheat production was realized in 1998, Zhucheng began to introduce, test, and popularize corn joint harvesting technology, and shifted its focus to corn harvesting mechanization."

To sum up, there are "five models":

First, mechanized conservation tillage techniques should be popularized in an all-round way. In order to promote conservation tillage technology, the city's corn harvesting mechanization technology propaganda group is close to rural areas, grass-roots units, and farmers, and launched large-scale training, large-scale popularization, and agricultural machinery science and technology to enter the village household project. in-depth itinerant propaganda and technical guidance to farmers to promote corn harvesting mechanization technology and the role and significance of machinery harvesting corn. The second is to deepen the "through-train" operation mode of agricultural machinery. In the process of promoting the mechanization of corn harvesting, Zhucheng grasped and popularized the mechanization of corn harvesting, straw returning and conservation tillage together, and vigorously promoted the "one-stop" operation of corn harvesting, straw returning and wheat no-tillage sowing. The third is to make great efforts to do a good job in the comprehensive utilization of straw. Focusing on developing agricultural circular economy and increasing farmers' income, we will vigorously promote the mechanized comprehensive utilization technology of straw returning to the field. The number of comprehensive utilization technology and machinery of corn straw in the city has reached more than 3600, and the area of corn straw returning to the field (silage) accounts for more than 90% of the corn harvest area.

The fourth is to improve the "311" agricultural machinery service model. Give full play to the role of all kinds of agricultural machinery cooperative organizations, actively carry out various forms of corn production mechanization production intermediary services and market supply and demand information services, guide farmers to set up agricultural machinery production cooperatives with the model of "agricultural machinery households-corn growers-livestock farmers + leading enterprises" as the main form. In the form of signing operation contracts, agricultural machinery farmers harvest corn for growers, and the straw crushed after operation is sent directly to livestock farmers, and the milk produced by farmers is sold to leading dairy processing enterprises, forming an industrial chain to increase income. Fifth, the implementation of the project-driven strategy, through the implementation of the national plan for the production capacity of 100 billion jin of grain, the construction of the "conservation tillage demonstration project" and the "corn mechanization production demonstration county project" to integrate resources and form a joint force. establish corn machine harvest demonstration counties and demonstration bases to promote the development of corn production mechanization.

"Seamless grafting" of Agricultural Machinery Agronomy

Wang Shugui, director of Zhucheng Agricultural Machinery Bureau, said: "Seamless grafting of agricultural machinery agronomy is an important technical guarantee and successful experience for Zhucheng to develop corn harvesting mechanization."

Zhao Shaoxiang, a "national agricultural machinery demonstration giant" who has dealt with agricultural machinery for more than 30 years, said with deep feeling: "the mechanized harvesting technology has changed interplanting into mechanical direct seeding, guided the gradual unification of corn planting row spacing, and changed complicated corn planting methods." it has laid a good foundation for the mechanized harvest of corn. "

Tai Muyun, director and senior engineer of Zhucheng Agricultural Machinery Technology extension Station, who has nearly 30 years of experience in agricultural machinery promotion, said: "for harvesting machinery, the most important thing is to solve the problem of line spacing. It is almost impossible for farmers to change their planting patterns in the first place. It is a good way to promote the improvement of agronomy through the use of machinery, but a large number of technical measures are needed to fundamentally solve this problem. "

In 2009, Zhucheng agricultural machinery and agricultural departments jointly formulated technical guidelines for wheat mechanized harvesting, straw returning and no-tillage sowing in summer and corn mechanized harvesting, straw returning and wheat no-tillage sowing in autumn, so that the corn mechanized production technology system with the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy was established.

"fruitful" blossoms everywhere

At the home of Lu Ruchun in Yuegou Community, Baichihe Town, which is known as "machine harvester", the author saw three corn combine harvesters parked side by side, one of which was 4YZ-3 self-propelled corn combine harvester. Lu Ruchun pointed to the machine and opened the chatterbox: "in the past, it took 140 man-hours to harvest 15 mu of corn manually, but now it takes up to 4 man-hours to harvest corn with a machine, saving 35 times the work efficiency." A corn combine harvester can harvest 1200 yuan in one operation period, and the income can reach 50, 000 yuan or 60, 000 yuan. Excluding the cost, the annual income is about 40, 000, and the cost can be recovered in two years. "

Zang Chuanbo, director of Zhucheng Agricultural Machinery Bureau, said: "in recent years, with the rise of corn prices, farmers' enthusiasm for planting corn has been increasing. In 2014, the planting area of summer corn in Zhucheng has reached 935000 mu, and the machine harvest market is very broad."

As early as 2001, Zhucheng established a provincial agricultural mechanization demonstration zone, which played an exemplary and radiating role in the promotion of corn harvesting. In that year, Lu Ruchun became the first farmer in Zhucheng to buy corn combine harvester. In 2008, Zhucheng corn combine harvester increased to 120, which is a slow promotion process. In the process of implementing the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery, Zhucheng adopted the principle of priority subsidy for corn harvesting machinery, which effectively promoted the development of corn harvesting machinery.

"to do a good job of cross-regional corn harvesting in autumn has become another measure to promote the promotion of corn harvesting machinery in Zhucheng." Zang Chuanbo said that over the years, Zhucheng wheat cross-region machine harvest work has been done very well, which has accumulated experience for the development of autumn corn cross-region machine harvest. In accordance with the idea of "consolidating summer and expanding autumn", Zhucheng took the lead in opening up the cross-area operation of corn harvesting in the autumn of 2005. In that year, Zhucheng agricultural machinery department organized more than 10 corn harvesters to work in Liaocheng, Jinan and other areas of the province, and achieved good results. Since then, Zhucheng continues to expand the field of operation, while increasing the income of the machine, at the same time, let the agricultural machine realize the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and agricultural time.