Add vitality to the adjustment of rural industrial structure

As an important part of peach breeding project, the project "demonstration and Popularization of New hard Meat Peach varieties" is a scientific research project supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Science and Technology Commission and Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry for many years. Through the application of three new hard-meat peach varieties with independent intellectual property rights cultivated, recognized or approved by the Forestry Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, the project has popularized and planted 39500 mu in Beijing, with an average annual output of 88.34 million kilograms. the average annual income is 351 million yuan, accounting for 75% of the number of hard-meat peach varieties in the city, and the application area accounts for more than 85%.

Through sexual cross breeding, a series of new hard-meat peach varieties with good quality and suitable for cultivation in China were selected and popularized in production, which solved the problems of softer or lower hardness, poor storage and transportation, poor marketability and so on. The level of this research is in the lead in China and has broad prospects for development.

So far, the extension area of three varieties of hard-fleshed peach cultivated by the Forestry Fruit Tree Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences has reached 39500 mu in 10 years, of which from 2011 to 2013, the cumulative increase was 265 million kg, the net income increased by 1.054 billion yuan, and the annual average mu income was 9053 yuan. The new variety has high planting efficiency and quick effect, which greatly improves the enthusiasm of farmers to grow peaches and increases their income. The promotion of this variety optimized the variety structure of peach producing areas and played a prominent role in the development of local planting industry.

Through the method of cross breeding, more than 20 excellent plants were selected from more than 10,000 hybrid seedlings and more than 10 superior lines were re-selected. three varieties of peach "Jingyu", "Zaoyu" and "Huayu" showed stable shape, good quality and high benefit in production. After declaration, appraisal and evaluation, Jingyu peach was confirmed by the Beijing crop Variety approval Committee, and "Zaoyu" and "Huayu" were approved by the Beijing New crop Variety approval Committee.

The outstanding characteristics of these varieties are high hardness, long picking period, resistance to storage and transportation, low transportation cost, reduction of loss in fruit circulation, long shelf life and free core, so they are deeply loved by consumers. The promotion of these three peach varieties extended the market supply period of walnut varieties and enriched the capital fruit market.

The institute selected four representative regions on the outskirts of Beijing for trial planting, investigated their biological characteristics, botanical characteristics, growth and fruiting habits, high yield and resistance in the trial garden, and determined the cultivation and management techniques suitable for cultivation according to the characteristics of the varieties. After entering the fruiting period, the market prices of the new varieties and their substitutes were compared, and the benefits of the new varieties were evaluated. By comparing the agronomic characters, economic characters and adaptability of the new varieties with the control varieties, a reasonable evaluation was obtained.

On the basis of production demonstration, we will promote the maturity of new varieties that have been identified and approved, and train farmers in an organized manner, including winter training, technical stubble training, etc., the planting scope is determined by district, township, village and cooperative organizations according to needs, and new varieties are promoted under the guidance of relevant departments by providing seedlings and scions. At present, a new hard-meat peach variety promotion system of "scientific research unit-district and county forestry bureau-township forestry station-village technician, village fruit tree association-peasant household" has been basically established.

The planting of new hard-meat peach varieties has also increased forest coverage in some districts and counties and played a positive role in protecting the ecological environment in the suburbs of Beijing.