How to solve the problem of pollution Control in Livestock and Poultry breeding

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for livestock and poultry products is also increasing year by year. The development of livestock and poultry breeding industry has played an important role in ensuring the supply of livestock and poultry products in urban and rural areas, increasing farmers' income and activating the rural economy.

However, the subsequent emissions of pollutants have also increased significantly. According to the verification and calculation results of the total emission reduction of major pollutants by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2013, the chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions of the livestock and poultry breeding industry reached 10.7194 million tons and 604800 tons respectively in 2013, accounting for 45.56% and 24.62% of the country's total emissions, respectively. Livestock and poultry breeding has become an important source of environmental pollution, especially water pollution.

On November 14, 2012, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly formulated and issued the Twelfth five-year Plan for the Prevention and Control of pollution from Livestock and Poultry breeding (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). On November 11, 2013, the State Council promulgated the regulations on pollution Prevention and Control of large-scale breeding of Livestock and Poultry (hereinafter referred to as the regulations), which will enter into force on January 1, 2014. The promulgation and implementation of these laws and plans will certainly play a positive role in the healthy and sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding.

However, despite the protection of the legal and policy framework, it is still difficult to prevent and control pollution in livestock and poultry breeding.

First, the working mechanism of collaborative governance among various departments has not yet been formed. Although the regulations have clearly defined the functions and responsibilities of various departments, because the ways and means of assessment are not yet clear, it is difficult to play an effective incentive and restraint role to the relevant departments. As a result, all or most of the responsibility for pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding in some areas still falls on the environmental protection departments, resulting in the situation that environmental protection departments play an one-man show.

For example, the goal set in the Plan is to basically find out the pollution situation of livestock and poultry farming across the country by 2015. The realization of this goal must depend on the support and cooperation of the agriculture and animal husbandry sector. However, up to now, the pollution situation of livestock and poultry breeding in most provinces is still unclear, and there is often a large gap between the actual number of farms and the data provided by agriculture and animal husbandry departments.

Second, there is a lack of safeguard measures for the operation of completed pollution control facilities. In recent years, the state has effectively promoted the construction of pollution control facilities for livestock and poultry breeding through the implementation of a number of policies and measures, such as the central environmental protection special fund project and the central rural environmental protection special fund project. However, there is an obvious lack of effective operational safeguard measures, and many of the built governance facilities can not maintain normal operation or even do not operate for a long time.

For example, most of the small and medium-sized organic fertilizer plants that have not entered the industrial chain of planting and breeding have long-term losses and can not operate normally. In my work, the author found that although the VAT and other subsidy policies have been implemented for the production, sale and use of organic fertilizer, because the price of organic fertilizer is obviously higher than that of chemical fertilizer, and it is more laborious and slower to use than chemical fertilizer, growers are more inclined to choose chemical fertilizer.

For example, due to the problems of non-standard management, unstable gas volume, difficult facilities heat preservation, safety risks and so on, the phenomenon of direct emptying or direct combustion of biogas is common in the northern region, and it is basically in a state of shutdown in winter.

Third, regional differences are not fully taken into account in the policy-making process. China has a vast territory, and there are great differences in natural climatic conditions, economic development, breeding scale and so on. However, the current policy formulation, task arrangement and financial support basically belong to "one size fits all", and regional differences are not fully considered. as a result, the assessment pressure and financial burden felt in the process of pollution control in livestock and poultry breeding are different, and the pollution control effect produced by the same effort is also completely different.

For example, compare Heilongjiang Province and Zhejiang Province. In Heilongjiang Province, the winter is cold and the ice period is long, the terrain is relatively flat and the area of cultivated land is large. Economic development lags behind, with the province's fiscal revenue of 127.74 billion yuan in 2013. Large-scale livestock and poultry farming has a large discharge of pollutants, with a chemical oxygen demand of 1.0351 million tons in 2013. Zhejiang Province, which is located in the south of the Yangtze River, is warm and humid, with mainly mountains and hills, vertical and horizontal water network and small area of cultivated land. The economy has developed rapidly, with the province's fiscal revenue of 379.692 billion yuan in 2013, three times that of Heilongjiang Province. The scale of livestock and poultry farming is small, and the emissions of pollutants are low. In 2013, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 173900 tons, less than 1 / 5 of the emissions from Heilongjiang Province. Although there are great differences between the two provinces in all aspects, the state does not show obvious differences in the proportion of pollution control facilities and the reduction ratio of total pollutant discharge in livestock and poultry farms in the two provinces, as well as the recommendation of pollution control technology, as well as financial subsidies.

Fourth, there is a serious lack of supervision and law enforcement capacity. For a long time, environmental protection departments have mainly focused on the supervision of urban industrial enterprises, and the enterprise management mechanism of large-scale aquaculture has just been straightened out. In the face of a large number of widely distributed livestock and poultry farmers, environmental protection departments are faced with practical difficulties in the process of law enforcement and supervision, such as shortage of law enforcement personnel, unclear number of livestock and poultry breeding, lack of supervision and law enforcement equipment, inconvenient traffic conditions, no binding measures for farmers, and so on.