Some thoughts on promoting the healthy Development of Cooperatives

Since the implementation of the Farmers' specialized Cooperatives Law, China's farmers' professional cooperatives have developed rapidly, showing the characteristics of heterogeneity and diversity. The Central Committee document No. 1 in 2013 pointed out: "Manpower supports the development of various forms of new farmers' cooperative organizations." Farmers' cooperative is the basic main body that drives farmers to enter the towel farm, a new entity for the development of rural collective economy, and an effective carrier for innovative rural social management. "encourage farmers to set up diversified and multi-type cooperatives such as professional cooperation and joint-stock cooperation". In 2014, the Central Committee No. 1 document further proposed: "encourage the development of farmers' cooperatives in the form of Dolly, such as professional cooperation and joint-stock cooperation". The central government's exposition on cooperatives has been broadened from the field, no longer limited to professional cooperatives, but diversified and various types of cooperatives. Therefore, the author thinks about how to promote the healthy development of farmers' cooperatives.

First, how to match "developing cooperative economy" and "developing and strengthening collective economy"

The decision of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward: "adhere to the basic land of family management in agriculture, promote the innovation of agricultural management mode of common development such as family management, collective management, cooperative economy, and enterprise management", "adhere to the collective ownership of rural land, safeguard farmers' land contractual management rights in accordance with the law, and develop the collective economy of strong people." At the same time, the "decision" also proposed to "encourage the development of cooperative economy in rural areas." This raises a question: what is the relationship between the collective economy and the cooperative economy? How do they fit? where is their effective docking point?

(1) the collective economy has been revived

After the reform and opening up, a considerable number of administrative villages have become shell villages, with no collective assets except land. According to statistics, among the 726000 villages across the country in 1996, 30.8 percent had no collective economic income, 42.9 percent had collective economic income of less than 50,000 yuan, 13.5 percent had collective economic income of 50,000 to 100000 yuan, and 12.8 percent had collective economic income of more than 100000 yuan. With the advancement of the process of industrialization and urbanization, some villages either use collective construction land to develop industries, or obtain part of the compensation funds through land expropriation, and the collective economy gradually has a material basis for development. In 2012, there were 902 administrative villages in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, with a total net worth of 30.2 billion yuan and an average collective income of 5.68 million yuan. In 2013, after the country's first collective construction land was put on the market, Phoenix Community in Baoan District of Shenzhen received 34.8 million yuan in land income and 13980 square meters of industrial supporting properties.

However, under the new situation, how to implement the policy measures of "deciding" and "giving farmers more property rights", how to establish relevant systems, and how to explore the effective realization form of collective economy through various ways, so as to maintain and increase the value of collective assets? let collective members get opportunities and benefits for sustainable development, and avoid going back to the old path that led to the collapse of the original collective economy. It is worth exploring to prevent the new collective economy from being transformed into a "cadre economy" again.

(2) to clarify the relationship between village committees and village collective economic organizations

The relevant provisions of the current law make the functions of the village committee and the village collective economic organization overlap. The relevant law makes the village committee (and villagers' groups) and village collective economic organizations have the right to possess and manage rural land and other collective assets, including agricultural land and rural collective construction land. There is no clear legal provision for the quasi-disposal of rural collective assets. Article 8 of the newly revised Organic Law of the villagers' Committee in 2010 stipulates that "the villagers' committee shall, in accordance with the provisions of the law, manage the land and other property owned by the villagers' collective". However, it is mentioned later that "the villagers' committee should respect and support the autonomy of collective economic organizations to carry out economic activities independently in accordance with the law", which seems to be a bit contradictory.

At present, there is an urgent need to form the regulations of Rural Community Collective Economic organizations in the form of administrative regulations of the State Council through reform experiments, so as to promote the legislative process of rural collective economic organizations when the conditions are ripe. It is necessary to clarify the connotation, extension and power of the village group collective economic organization through laws and regulations, the mechanism of obtaining and withdrawing the membership of the village group collective economic organization, and the responsibilities, rights and obligations of the members; on this basis, realize the unity of individual member rights and property rights of the members of collective economic organizations. At the same time, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between village committees and village collective economic organizations. As an autonomous organization of the rural community, the expenditure of the village committee on social management and provision of public services for all residents of the community should be included in the local budget. It is necessary to make the villagers' committee only undertake the public service function of the village and completely peel off the management of land and other collective assets into the hands of peasant collective economic organizations.

(3) how to match "developing cooperative economy" and "developing and strengthening collective economy"

The decision of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward: "protect the rights of members of farmers' collective economic organizations, actively develop farmers' stock cooperation, and give farmers the right of possession, income, paid withdrawal, mortgage, guarantee, and inheritance of collective assets." In 2014, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee put forward: "promote the reform of the joint-stock cooperative system of rural collective property rights and protect the rights of members of farmers' collective economic organizations." to give farmers the right to share possession, income, paid withdrawal, mortgage, guarantee and inheritance of collective assets, establish a rural property rights transfer trading market, strengthen the management of rural collective funds, assets and resources, and improve the level of asset operation and management of collective economic organizations. Develop the rural collective economy of the strong people.

At present, the confirmation, registration and certification of collective assets are carried out in various places to clarify property rights and solidify equity, land rights and housing rights, its essence is to determine the respective shares of qualified members of collective economic organizations for collective assets or resources at a certain time, is to determine the fairness of a certain time point, that is, the fairness of the starting point. However, the development direction of the collective economy in the future should be from closed to open, from solidification to mobility, and solidification is for better mobility. On the basis of clear property rights, through the form of share cooperation, promote the flow of equity, land rights and housing rights, increase capital and shares.

The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made it clear for the first time that the mixed ownership economy is an important form of realization of China's basic economic system. The future trend of China's rural cooperative collective economy may become an organic form of modern enterprise system, a diversified and mixed market operation with the joint-stock cooperative system as the main body. this change of collective economy will enable it to integrate the advantages of cooperative economy and other economic forms, and maintain economic vitality and market competitiveness.

Second, how to promote the development of real rural cooperative finance in deepening the reform of rural financial system

The decision of the third Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee proposed: "allow qualified farmers' professional cooperatives to carry out credit cooperation." The decision of the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward: "allow cooperatives to carry out credit cooperation." In 2014, the Central Committee No. 1 document pointed out: "develop a new type of rural cooperative financial organization." On the basis of managing democratic, standardized and dynamic farmers' cooperatives and supply and marketing cooperatives, we should cultivate and develop rural cooperative finance and constantly enrich the types of financial institutions in rural areas. Adhere to the principles of membership system and closeness, and promote the development of community-based mutual fund organizations in rural areas on the premise of not absorbing, saving, lending or paying fixed returns.

The practice of rural financial development around the world has proved that cooperative finance should be an important part of a diversified and competitive rural financial system. Without the support of cooperative finance, it is very difficult for farmers' cooperatives to develop strong people. However, at present, there is no formal peasant cooperative financial organization owned by farmers, controlled by farmers and providing financial services for farmers in China. According to the data of the CBRC, as of the end of May 2013, there were only 49 rural mutual aid cooperatives approved by the CBRC, with total assets of 1.53 billion yuan. In addition, there are various types of non-governmental credit cooperation organizations. For example, the village-level poverty alleviation mutual aid cooperatives promoted and set up by poverty alleviation offices at all levels under the guidance of financial poverty alleviation funds cover 16000 poor villages across the country; there are more than 70 peasant household self-supporting service cooperatives promoted by the National Poverty Alleviation Foundation; some provinces have set up farmers' mutual aid cooperatives on a pilot basis, most of which are not registered.

It is worth noting that some companies or lenders for the purpose of capital profit attract deposits and lend profits in the name of cooperative mutual fund associations, which confuses the boundary between cooperative finance and private lending and disturbs the financial order. According to media reports, cooperative mutual fund departments in Guannan, Jiangsu, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Siping, Jilin, Puyang, Henan, and Yixian, Hebei, were rampant, and Guannan even broke out bad incidents in which four mutual aid cooperatives closed down and thousands of people collected debts.

In recent years, the pilot "Farmers' Mutual Aid Cooperative" in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, aims to serve farmers in the region and solve the problem of small loans for farmers' production and living needs. These cooperatives were established with the approval of the local agriculture, rural areas and farmers department, and obtained the registration certificate of "people-run non-enterprise units" issued by the local civil affairs bureau. Cooperatives operate by means of deposit-taking and lending, and promise depositors that depositors will receive not only interest but also dividends when their deposits mature. However, since the beginning of 2013, there have been a number of cooperatives in the Wanting Lake District of Yancheng City with empty money, and the deposits of many depositors are also unable to be repaid. These cooperatives, from signboards to interior decoration, from counter windows to waiting, from display screens to display boards, are no different from ordinary banks.