How to promote the orderly circulation of rural land management rights

As an important part of the reform of rural land system, the transfer of land management rights has always been the focus of debate among all parties in the society. In recent years, with industrialization and urbanization, especially with a large number of rural labor force going to cities for employment, the circulation of rural land has obviously accelerated. By the end of 2013, the circulation area of contracted land for farmers across the country was 340 million mu, with the proportion of transfer reaching 26%. On the whole, it is stable and healthy, but there are also some problems, mainly as follows: in order to attract investment and build key projects, some places ignore the wishes and rights of farmers and rely on administrative orders to force farmers to transfer land; many industrial and commercial enterprises change land use at will in order to maximize benefits, which aggravates the "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grain" of land. The land transfer market is not perfect, farmers' land transfer income can not be effectively guaranteed; in some places, there is a tendency to blindly seek large and fast, which exceeds the speed of local rural labor transfer and the acceptance of farmers, and so on. All these obviously hinder the orderly circulation of rural land.

Land is the capital that farmers rely on for survival, the basis of farmers' property, and the most important economic rights and interests of farmers. Healthy and orderly land transfer is conducive to promoting agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' income and rural development. If the land transfer is not carried out in accordance with the rules and regulations, it will not only hinder the development of modern agriculture, but also affect the social stability in rural areas. In the new situation, how to innovate the agricultural management system, enliven the right of land management and promote the orderly circulation of rural land is a strong policy work. The author believes that to promote land transfer should not only promote rural economic and social transformation and urbanization development, but also maximize the protection of farmers' rights and interests, focusing on the following aspects.

Promoting Land transfer from the Angle of protecting Farmers' Rights and interests

The problem of land is the core interest of farmers. The relationship between farmers and land is not only the most important economic relationship in rural areas, but also the most important political relationship. The transfer of land management rights is essentially the great adjustment of farmers' land rights and interests. For more than 30 years, the fundamental starting point of China's rural reform is to respect the wishes of farmers and reflect their interests.

In promoting land transfer, no one can ignore the existence of farmers and their interest demands, especially those of vulnerable groups. First, we should fully respect the wishes of farmers. The first principle of land transfer is voluntary, and township governments and village-level organizations shall not force the transfer for any reason. All acts of land transfer that go against the wishes of farmers must be resolutely stopped and corrected. Second, it is necessary to protect the best interests of farmers. One of the main purposes of land transfer is to increase farmers' property income. We must enhance farmers' game ability in land transfer negotiations by means of learning and training and organizing drills, so as to make them become equal participants. Third, we should attach great importance to the interests of farmers. Attention should be paid to the special needs of special groups in rural areas, such as some middle-aged and elderly farmers, who have become accustomed to the traditional mode of agricultural work. For them, land means not only a source of income, but also a way of life and emotional concern. For these groups, they must not be considered only from an economic point of view, and their wishes must be fully respected. The fourth is to let the market play a decisive role. Land transfer is a process of optimal allocation of resources. whether the land is transferred, how to determine the price and how to choose the form should be decided independently by farmers according to market changes, and no organization or individual can intervene. No matter what method is adopted to transfer land, giving priority to the protection of farmers' rights and interests should become an "iron law".

Promoting Land transfer from the Angle of stabilizing Food Security

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphatically pointed out: China is a country with a large population, and solving the problem of food is always the top priority of governing the country, and the rice bowl should be firmly in our hands at all times. Food security is the cornerstone of national security. Without food security, there is no national security. If we cannot guarantee that our rice bowls are firmly in our hands, we are bound to be controlled by others. The fundamental guarantee of national food security lies in cultivated land, which is the lifeblood of grain production. Farmers can be "non-agricultural", but cultivated land can not be "non-agricultural", let alone "non-grain". Otherwise, it will endanger the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land and bring hidden dangers to the national food security.

To stop the "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" tendency of land transfer, strict use control must be carried out. First, it is necessary to set the bottom line of land transfer. Any operator who transfers land or leases cultivated land cannot change its use at will, those who lease agricultural land cannot engage in "non-agriculturalization", and those who lease cultivated land cannot engage in "non-grain". The departments concerned should step up the formulation of policies and measures to stop the speculation of rural land in some places. The second is to establish an access system. On the one hand, we should encourage and guide industrial and commercial enterprises to develop modern farming industries in rural areas that are suitable for enterprise management, with emphasis on the processing and circulation of agricultural products and agricultural socialized services; on the other hand, we should strengthen the supervision and risk prevention of industrial and commercial enterprises leasing farmers' land, and prohibit industrial and commercial enterprises from leasing and operating agricultural land that do not meet the requirements. Third, it is necessary to establish a restraint system. For example, agricultural land leased by non-agricultural industrial and commercial enterprises should be examined and approved; for a large number of leased land, the registered capital may be required to be at least three times the annual lease fee of the transferred land, so as to prevent some land operators from changing land use without authorization, prevent land quality from irreversible damage, and prevent farmers from defaulting on land transfer income.