The sigh of the landless peasants

When farmers lose their land, they lose the basic support for their survival for generations, lose the opportunity to display their traditional skills for making a living, break the rice bowls for future generations to eat, disrupt the acquaintance environment for generations to live together, cut off the traditional bloodline of local culture, and lose the spiritual home of local love. Experts estimate that at present, there are about 50 million landless farmers in China, this huge group has too much helplessness, their sighing calls for the introduction of a new system. Although the reasons for their loss of land are different and the compensation and placement are very different, most of them are faced with common problems.

The problem of safe housing

After losing their land, the biggest problem that farmers face first is the problem of safe housing. One of the reasons for not being able to live comfortably is that the "break first and then stand" way of work makes farmers have nowhere to live. That is to say, some places do not first build settled houses, let farmers move their homes, and then expropriate land for demolition, but no matter where farmers live, they first expropriate land for demolition. In order to catch up with the time limit and schedule, they often stipulate that they must move out within a few days, regardless of whether you join relatives and friends or sleep on the street, and then slowly relocate after demolition. As a result, the chickens and dogs jumped, and there was tension between the cadres and the masses. Second, the compensation is too low to live comfortably. In terms of the form of compensation, at present, most places mainly adopt a relatively single way of monetary resettlement, that is, "want land rather than people". In some places, farmers' compensation is not even enough to buy resettlement houses. Third, the source of income is reduced, the cost of living is increased, affecting the security of housing. Before land expropriation, in addition to farming, farmers can use the front and back of the house to do some courtyard planting and breeding, which can be done even if they are old and frail, which can save a lot of money and solve many problems in life. Without land, on the one hand, the source of income in daily life has been reduced, and the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled have no place to work; on the other hand, living expenses have increased. In the past, grain, vegetables, meat and eggs, drinking water, and so on, all need to spend money to buy from the market. In the words of farmers, as soon as you press your hand and rush the water, you will lose a dime. There is an increase in the cost of living on the one hand and a decrease in income on the other, which immediately puts them in trouble. Fourth, the demolition and restoration houses in some places are of poor quality and cannot live comfortably. Some new houses have just been found cracks or wall skin fall off, "building brittleness" phenomenon occurs from time to time. The farmers responded so much that they lived nervously in their new houses all day, and they couldn't live comfortably even if they wanted to.

You can only work happily if you live in peace. In order to solve the problem of land-lost farmers' safe housing, we must first implement the principle of establishing first and then breaking down, that is, to build housing first, so that farmers can safely move into their new homes and then expropriate land for demolition. Even if it is compensated by currency, it is necessary to wait for the demolition households to have a house before they move.

Secondly, one of the principles to be followed in the process of land expropriation is to put the protection of farmers' interests first on the basis of clarifying the interests of local governments, rural collectives, individual farmers and developers, so that farmers' psychology can be balanced.

Furthermore, the existing compensation policy for land expropriation should be thoroughly reformed. Strictly put an end to land expropriation in some places under the banner of public interest, and then sold in accordance with market-oriented development after land expropriation, while farmers get a negligible compensation. To say the least, it is unreasonable to sacrifice the interests of farmers at the expense of the law, even if it is in the public interest. The compensation for land expropriation in western developed countries not only compensates farmers' basic living expenses, employment and venture capital, social security, but also includes land value-added income in a certain period of time. For example, the compensation for land expropriation in the United States is calculated on the basis of the market price before expropriation, which not only compensates the existing value of the land requisitioned, but also considers the predictable and foreseeable future value of the land, and also compensates for the operational losses of neighboring landowners as a result of expropriation. All these aspects can be used for reference. The idea that China's land expropriation compensation policy reform should follow is that in the future, in addition to national defense and special uses that can be clearly stated, whether public welfare or not, the negotiation mechanism should be introduced, and farmers or collective organizations on behalf of farmers should directly participate in the transaction. The standard and quota of pure public welfare, quasi-public welfare and commercial development projects must be different, and the government can give some guidance and supervision according to the market price mechanism and the relationship between supply and demand. Of course, the establishment of the new compensation standard and system can not be achieved overnight, but the direction and path must be clear.

Fourth, it is necessary to establish an organic combination of monetary compensation, housing resettlement, land allocation, employment placement, social insurance and other forms of comprehensive resettlement. In particular, it is necessary to actively encourage and promote the practice of resettlement of two houses and replace the income of the requisitioned land with the rent income of the second house, so as to ensure that the long-term interests of land-lost farmers will not be lost and their living standards will not be lowered. Future monetary compensation should include not only agricultural income but also land value-added part, including not only in-kind and economic compensation, but also spiritual and psychological compensation. As the saying goes, moving has been poor for three years, not to mention demolition, proper spiritual compensation is of great significance. For those farmers who have lost their land and houses and have not yet received housing resettlement, they should be included in the policy scope of housing accumulation fund, urban low-rent housing and indemnificatory apartment, and be given priority in stages and batches. Let the landless peasants really become the beneficiaries of the urbanization process.

The problem of "idle people"

Farmers who have lost their land, or have no job, or have a job, have become "idle people". The leisure of "idle people" can be divided into five kinds.

One is that you want to do something but can't find something to do. These people are willing to do things, but they suffer from having no access. There is no way to start a business, no skills to work, and no strength to work. For example, most people over the age of 50 belong to this category.

Second, grass-roots organizations have helped to arrange some things and provide some jobs, but the form is often greater than the content, and the arranged work is either the wrong way, or too tired, or the wages are too low and unattractive. For loose farmers, it doesn't matter not going to work, often fishing for three days and drying the net for two days.

Third, he has received some compensation and has some small money in his hand, but he lacks clear and rational expectations for the future. He does not want to work, nor is he willing to bear hardships.

Fourth, the amount of compensation is relatively large, get rich overnight, then idle, all day long, ostentatious, extravagant, some buy luxury cars, some go to gamble, and even take drugs.

Fifth, the elderly, weak, sick and disabled women and children in rural areas are all workers involved in production all the year round, farmers do not have a retirement system, and there is no problem of child labor in agriculture. After losing their land, they have not only become pure consumers from producers, but also become out-and-out "idle people".

According to the theory of energy dissipation, if human energy can not find a normal dissipation channel, it will be released through abnormal channels. These "idle people" make trouble when they have nothing to do. When they lose their land, they are most likely to lose their souls. When they go to the community, they are most likely to go to prison. The key to solve these problems is to make them fully employed and to establish and improve the employment service system for landless farmers. The employment rate in western countries is often an important determinant of presidential elections.

The first is to establish a re-employment training mechanism. Bring the employment training of land-lost farmers into the overall arrangement of the scope of urban laid-off re-employment training. Targeted and free training and certification of practical skills, vocational certificates, community service, domestic service and other vocational skills, to improve the quality and employment skills of farmers, both "blood transfusion" and "hematopoiesis", and enhance the earning ability of landless peasants. At the same time, the employment of landless peasants, like the urban unemployed, should be brought into the employment network of the labor market at all levels in cities and counties to provide them with necessary services.

The second is to formulate policies to support re-employment. For land-lost peasants who are engaged in self-employment or self-employment, they can make reference to the policy support in taxation, industry and commerce for the unemployed in cities and towns, and appropriately reduce or reduce business tax, income tax, management fees, etc. Explore the establishment of a special support fund to provide small loans or guarantee services for those who have difficulties in running their own industries. Where conditions permit, they should be actively guided and organized to develop all kinds of cottage handicrafts.

Third, we should encourage land expropriation units and other industrial and commercial enterprises to digest land-lost peasants as far as possible, and enjoy the same preferential policies for enterprises that absorb land-lost peasants as they absorb laid-off workers in cities and towns.

The fourth is to mobilize the community strength of the landless peasants to settle down and establish a "one-to-one" twinning support system. By carrying out twinning assistance, we can provide guidance to land-lost farmers in urban life and employment, and help them change their role from farmers to citizens as soon as possible.