Accurately grasp the basic principles to be adhered to in land transfer

To guide the orderly circulation of rural land and develop appropriate scale operation is a major policy measure to build a new agricultural management system and develop modern agriculture. This issue is related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of farmers, the consolidation and improvement of the basic management system in rural areas, and the overall economic and social development. We should be based on the basic national conditions of our country with a large population and little land, proceed from promoting agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, protecting farmers' land rights and interests and stabilizing the overall situation in rural areas, comprehensively understand and accurately grasp the basic principles that need to be adhered to, and do a good job in system design. Actively and steadily promote, avoid detours, and let farmers become active participants and real beneficiaries.

1. Enliven the right of land management by following the "separation of powers".

China's rural reform in the late 1970s, through the implementation of the "separation of the collective ownership of rural land and the contracted management rights of farmers", has greatly aroused the enthusiasm of farmers and greatly liberated and developed the productive forces of rural villages. With the transfer of a large number of rural population, in the process of land transfer in some areas, the right of contracted management of land has been separated and evolved into two parts: the right of contract and the right of management. thus the so-called "separation of ownership, contracting right and management right" is formed. In the next step to deepen the reform of the rural land system, we must follow the implementation of collective ownership, the stabilization of farmers' right to contract, and the activation of land management rights.

The first is to implement collective ownership. The collective ownership of rural land ensures that farmers have the most important means of agricultural production on an equal footing. This system is the soul of the basic rural management system and an important institutional feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Promoting the reform of the rural land system cannot bring down the collective ownership of rural land. To implement collective ownership is to actively explore the way to realize the collective ownership of rural land and to establish and improve the rural collective land property right system that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy and conforms to the reality of the primary stage.

The second is to stabilize the right of farmers to contract. The land right obtained by farmers under the household contract system is composed of the right of contract and the right of management. In the process of land transfer, the right of contracted management of land can be separated. Only peasant families as members of collective organizations have the right to contract land, which is the inherent requirement of the basic management system in rural areas. To stabilize farmers' land contract right is to ensure that during the contract period, no organization or individual can force farmers to give up the contracted land. No matter how the contracted management right is transferred, the collective land contract right belongs to peasant families. No other subject can replace the land contracting status of peasant families.

The third is to activate the right of land management. Under the household contract system, the object of land transfer is the right of land management. It is of great significance to clarify this point in theory and policy. Since the reform, we have always stressed the correct handling of the relationship between the stability of the land contract system and land transfer. To stabilize is to stabilize farmers' land contract rights, and to transfer is to enliven land management rights. Under the premise of insisting on the collective ownership of rural land, we should promote the separation of the contract right and the management right, and activate the land management right, so that we can avoid in understanding and in practice, as soon as we talk about stability, we do not seem to allow the flow of the management right, while when we talk about circulation and centralization, it seems that there are only two tendencies of collective recovery of farmers' land contract rights. Take the "separation of rights" as the basic follow, take the long-term stability of the existing land contract relationship and the stability of farmers' land contract rights to deal with the circulation and concentration of land management rights, so as to remain unchanged, so that both land contractors and actual operators can establish stable expectations, and the basic rural management system will be more full of lasting institutional vitality. In order to activate the land management right, we must further clarify the mutual right relationship and realization form of collective land ownership, land contract right and management right in land circulation, and speed up the development of various forms of land management right transfer market. we will improve the dispute mediation and arbitration system for the circulation of land contract management.

Second, actively cultivate a new type of agricultural management subject on the basis of household management.

From the practice of agricultural development all over the world, family management is the most common form of agricultural management. The basic feature of agricultural production is spatial dispersion, and it is necessary to respond in time to small changes in the natural environment, which makes the cost of supervision of agricultural production higher. The economic interests of the members of peasant households are highly consistent, and there is no need for accurate labor measurement and supervision. Compared with other modes of operation, family management has better adaptability in agriculture, not only to traditional agriculture based on manual labor, but also to modern agriculture with advanced science and technology and means of production. In the process of agricultural modernization in China, family management has great potential and broad prospects for development. there is no problem of changing the basic status of family management after the improvement of the level of productive forces. family management is and will be the most basic form of agricultural management in our country. The essence of agricultural scale operation is not the negation of family management, but to realize the specialization and socialization of agricultural production by improving the resource allocation and external environment of family management. Therefore, in order to develop appropriate scale operation of agriculture, we must adhere to the basic position of family management, and we should not separate scale operation from family management, let alone antagonize family management and agricultural modernization. At the same time, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the development of household management and collective management, cooperative management, and enterprise management, vigorously cultivate new types of agricultural operators, and promote the common development of diversified agricultural managements. we will speed up the construction of a three-dimensional compound modern agricultural management system based on household management, linked by cooperation and association, and supported by social service.

First, innovate the way of family management and development. Emphasizing the basic status of agricultural household management is by no means solidifying and infatuating with the current scattered and ultra-small-scale land management mode. We must innovate the mode of family management and development in accordance with the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. we should actively guide the transfer of land to large professional households and family farms, and vigorously improve the level of intensive and large-scale family management. It is necessary to focus on developing family farms with family members as the main labor force, agriculture as the main source of income, and engaged in specialized and intensive agricultural production, so as to make them an effective force in the development of modern agriculture. We will establish and improve policies and measures to support the development of family farms and tilt the newly increased agricultural subsidies to family farms. To better provide support and services for the main bodies of large-scale operation of grain production. Guide farmers to voluntarily carry out "exchange and merger of land", solve the problem of fragmentation of contracted land, facilitate farming, and realize the relatively centralized management of contracted land.

The second is to actively explore new ways of agricultural management. A small number of villages in our country still retain the mode of collective management of land, and we should constantly explore and enrich the realization form of collective management. Guide farmers to buy shares in contracted land to set up land joint-stock cooperative organizations. Farmers are allowed to take shares in the management right of contracted land and develop agricultural industrialization through various forms. In recent years, there are more and more phenomena that industrial and commercial enterprises lease rural land to engage in agricultural production and management. From a positive point of view, industrial and commercial enterprises can give full play to their advantages in capital, technology and management to import modern production factors and management models into agriculture. However, because of the large population and little land in the rural areas of our country, if industrial and commercial enterprises are allowed to enter the direct production field of agriculture without restriction, a large area of enclosed land will squeeze the employment space of farmers and affect the stability of rural areas. In order to avoid the emergence of large capital crowding out small farmers in rural areas, to avoid the large-scale merger of land, and to prevent a large number of farmers from losing their dominant position in management, we must adopt a cautious attitude towards industrial and commercial enterprises to lease contracted land in a large area for a long time. With the entry of industrial and commercial capital into agriculture and the expansion of the scale of farmland management, there is an urgent need to explore and establish a strict access and supervision system for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease farmers' contracted cultivated land. There should be a clear upper limit on industrial and commercial capital leasing of contracted land for farmers, and qualification examination and project examination should be carried out. In particular, it is necessary to prevent industrial and commercial capital from changing the agricultural use of the land after renting contracted land in the countryside, and to engage in "non-agriculturalization" or "circle without use", so as to destroy the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture. It is necessary to encourage and support industrial and commercial enterprises to develop modern planting and breeding industries suitable for enterprise management. Encourage and support them to enter the valley of processing and circulation of agricultural products and socialized service, and establish a close interest linkage mechanism with farmers and farmers' cooperatives, so as to promote the development of large-scale operation of farmers. It is necessary to explore the establishment of a risk guarantee fund system for land transfer, which is mainly used to compensate farmers' interests damaged by breach of contract or poor management of land leasing enterprises.