Precise poverty alleviation to solve the phenomenon of "fighting for poverty"

Really poor? "fight for poverty"? -- the problem of precision poverty alleviation remains to be solved.

In order to implement the national requirements of "really helping the poor and helping the real poor", in recent years, Chongqing has given targeted assistance to poor households and improved the accuracy of poverty alleviation by means of poverty identification, differential assistance, and dynamic management. to change the disadvantages of some poverty alleviation projects in the past that "helping the strong is difficult to help the weak" and "building up large families". However, with the gradual increase of the precise poverty alleviation policy of "people to the door", the problems such as farmers'"fighting for poverty" and the lack of coordination of government support policies have become prominent.

According to the specific causes of poverty, this paper puts forward a "one-to-one" solution.

Qingsong Village, Tonggu Town, Wushan County, Chongqing is nearly one thousand meters above sea level, with barren land and poor ecology. Since 2007, more than 70 farmers with better economic conditions in the village have moved away one after another. But for Yang Zhenyuan, a poor household, relocation is out of reach. "I dream of moving out of the mountain, but my family has only more than 30,000 yuan in savings, and it's not enough to buy a house at the foot of the mountain. Whenever they could find a way, the peasants on the mountain moved away. Dozens of mu of land in the village was abandoned and became the world of wild boar, and the sound of wild boar feeding could be heard at night. "

In the interview, many poor households reflected a common problem: in terms of poverty alleviation, relocation, industrial development, and so on, some poverty alleviation measures "help the strong but not help the weak". Some poverty alleviation projects require farmers to contribute a lot, and the truly poor households "cannot afford" government subsidies; some poverty alleviation funds are even used to "build large households", but poor households do not benefit.

"in order to solve the problem that the accuracy of poverty alleviation policies is not high, and" helping the strong is difficult to help the weak ", Chongqing has explored the poverty alleviation measures of" people to the household "and put forward a 'one-to-one' solution according to the specific causes of poverty." Liu Gexin, director of the Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office, said that the focus of accurate poverty alleviation is to solve the problems of "who is the poor population,"what are the causes of poverty,"how to help the causes of poverty," and "what is the effect of assistance?"

In order to achieve the real implementation of the poverty alleviation policy of "people to households", Chongqing has adopted a "three-step" approach: first, to do a good job in "filing and setting up cards" for poor households to achieve poverty identification. Relying on the "filing card", the names of poor households, family conditions, causes of poverty and other information are recorded. The second is to link poverty alleviation measures with the results of poverty identification and implement targeted poverty alleviation measures. At present, Chongqing has determined policies such as alpine ecological poverty alleviation and relocation, subsidies for the establishment of micro-enterprises by poor households, and poverty alleviation microcredit, so that the government's poverty alleviation policies and funds can be implemented on poor households. The third is dynamic management. Timely follow-up and monitoring of poverty alleviation measures and their implementation results, so that poor households who have been steadily lifted out of poverty can withdraw in time, and poverty objects that should be supported will be included in a timely manner.

10 policies accurately help to reach the head

During the interview, the half-month reporter learned that at present, there are 10 policies of "people to the house" implemented in Chongqing, mainly including the direct subsidy of industrial support funds to households by means of cash, in kind, stock cooperation, etc.; living subsidies for students in secondary and higher vocational schools, financial aid for children from poor families to go to college through "one card"; subsidies such as skills training and entrepreneurial training are directly subsidized to poor families. Alpine ecological poverty alleviation and relocation, rural tourism development and other project subsidy funds are distributed directly to the poor and so on.

Taking the ongoing relocation of ecological poverty alleviation in the mountains as an example, Chongqing has implemented a differentiated subsidy policy around the goals of "moving the poor" and "helping the poor": on the basis of implementing a subsidy of 8000 yuan per person at the municipal level, a preferential subsidy of 1000 yuan to 2000 yuan will be given to the poor; the land department will reduce and waive the housing and land use fees for relocated households, and poverty alleviation departments will give 5% discount on micro-loans for the construction of houses and the development of industries. Through the "bundling" of differentiation policies, we can reduce the pressure on relocation funds and reverse the problem that poor households are "unable to afford to move and difficult to participate".

At the high mountain relocation site in Maopao Mountain, Gaoqiao Village, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, the reporter saw that flowers and willows were planted in front of the moving families, the courtyard was clean and tidy, and public facilities such as clinics, cultural rooms, and leisure squares were readily available. "in the past, when the family lived on a high mountain, the house was made of adobe, and it would leak when it rained. When the children went to school, it took two or three hours to go to school." Liu Xiaohua, a moving family, said that during the relocation, the government subsidized more than 30,000 yuan, and with compensation for homestead reclamation, the family only spent more than 40,000 yuan to move into a spacious and bright new house of 120 square meters, and their living conditions were greatly improved.

At the same time, in order to solve the problem of "building large families" of poverty alleviation funds, Chongqing has also explored in some districts and counties that industrial poverty alleviation funds can be "quantified and allotted to households", so that poor farmers can join cooperatives or agricultural enterprises and become shareholders. Share the benefits of poverty alleviation industrial development.

With the support of special poverty alleviation funds, Qisheng Village, Changsha Town, Kaixian County, Chongqing, has developed kiwifruit professional cooperatives. For poor households who set up cards, poverty alleviation and development funds are "allotted to households" at the standard of 2000 yuan per share, and poor households have become cooperative shareholders. "in the past, when poverty alleviation industries were developed in the village, many poor households had to stand by and worry because they were short of money, and poverty alleviation projects could hardly help the truly poor families." Xiong Shangbing, secretary of the Qi Shengcun branch, said that after the poverty alleviation funds have been allocated to households, poor households can also participate in poverty alleviation projects, and the driving effect is very obvious. Last year, the village produced 75000 kilograms of kiwifruit, with a total income of about 3 million yuan. In this alone, the average poor household can pay a dividend of more than 4000 yuan per share.

Accurate Poverty Alleviation calls for Poverty Alleviation thinking

The reporter interviewed at the grass-roots level and found that compared with the traditional village-wide poverty alleviation and regional poverty alleviation and development, the precision of "people-to-households" poverty alleviation is still in its infancy. The grass-roots level reflected that in order to further improve the relevant poverty alleviation policies, there are still two difficult problems to be solved:

First of all, with the increase in the gold content of the poverty alleviation policy of "people to the door", the phenomenon of "fighting for poverty" among the poor people has begun to emerge. Although the state clearly defines the poverty line, the number of farmers is large, and the source of income is complex, so it is difficult to make accurate statistics. However, income is the key index to measure whether farmers are poor or not, and the grass-roots level generally adopts the method of estimating farmers' income, which makes it difficult to accurately divide poor households.

At the grass-roots level in rural areas, some poverty alleviation policies "do not come to households without contradictions, and conflicts arise as soon as they arrive", and everyone is blushing. Grass-roots cadres believe that the work of "filing and setting up cards" for poor households with transparent process and strict supervision can reduce contradictions at the grass-roots level, but in order to further solve the problem of "fighting for poverty," it is necessary to further improve policy design, evaluate farmers' income level and family situation more scientifically, make poverty alleviation policies and procedures more stringent, establish a mechanism for supervision and complaints, and make it clear that special personnel will accept complaints.

Secondly, in order to really land on the ground, we must adhere to a principle: the causes of poverty caused by farmers are diversified, poverty alleviation policies should also be diversified and targeted, and policy convergence and coordination among government departments should be strengthened.

For example, according to statistics, about 30% of the poor people in Chongqing are "poor due to illness". The existing serious illness relief policies of civil affairs, medical insurance and other departments are mainly aimed at urban and rural minimum living standards, rural five-insurance households and other special poverty-stricken groups. For poor households, there is no targeted relief policy for serious illness. Zhou Song, director of the fund planning department of the Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office, said that according to the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation, the relevant relief policies should further expand the scope of support and solve the specific problems of the poor.

In the view of many grass-roots cadres, as the country's poverty alleviation has entered a new stage, in the face of complex and diverse causes of poverty, accurate poverty alleviation "is not only a matter for the director of the poverty alleviation office, but also for county magistrates and provincial governors." the working mechanism of government-led and joint efforts of departments urgently needs to be established in order to truly form a general pattern of poverty alleviation with comprehensive policies. (half-monthly reporter Li Song)