Four problems should be paid attention to in promoting land circulation and scale operation.

At present, China's agriculture is in a critical period of accelerating transformation. Whether traditional agriculture can successfully realize the historic leap to modern agriculture depends fundamentally on whether the process of land circulation and appropriate scale management can be promoted smoothly and orderly. Under the macro policy goal of deepening rural reform and speeding up land transfer, with the vigorous promotion of local governments and relevant departments, it can be expected that rural land transfer and appropriate scale operation will usher in a new period of all-round accelerated development, which must be accompanied by the process of significant improvement of agricultural land use efficiency and modern agricultural level on the original basis. However, due to a series of complex constraints, there are four important issues in this process that require great attention.

First, pay close attention to the protection of farmers' interests

The land problem involves the vital interests of hundreds of millions of farmers, and the right of contracted management of land belongs to peasant families. Whether the land is transferred, how to determine the price and how to choose the form should be decided by the contracted farmers themselves, and the transfer income should be owned by the contracted farmers. Therefore, on the one hand, simplified administrative intervention can not be used to promote land transfer and appropriate scale management. Fundamentally, land transfer is a path rather than a goal, and can not be transferred for the sake of circulation. Great attention must be paid to the problem of promoting land transfer through administrative methods such as minority subordinating to the majority, setting tasks, setting targets, or bringing the area and proportion of land transfer into performance evaluation. the process of promoting land transfer and moderate scale operation can not evolve into a process of deprivation of farmers' land rights and interests by other stakeholders, let alone a passive extrusion process for large-scale production of landless peasant groups. On the other hand, promoting land transfer and moderate scale operation can not simply adopt the mode of "low solidification". A large number of investigations show that although there are various forms of land transfer, however, "long-term rental, fixed rent, annual payment" is still the dominant mode of land circulation at present, and most of them adopt the method of calculating rent according to the current year's price, although it basically ensures the security of land transfer income. However, it is still difficult for farmers to fully participate in the process of agricultural scale operation and share industrial value-added benefits. therefore, more attention should be paid to the protection of farmers' dominant position and the new exploration of transferring land and developing appropriate scale operation through guaranteed bottom dividends and other means. give more attention and support to protect farmers' land income rights more stably and persistently.

Pay close attention to the cultivation of a new type of business entity with strong driving force.

At present, the inadaptability of small farmers is more and more exposed, and the demand to change the mode of agricultural operation is further strengthened. at the same time, the profit-driven urban industrial and commercial capital enters agriculture on a large scale, and the corporate agricultural model is expanding at a faster speed. However, international experience has proved that it is difficult and unreliable for the stable development of agriculture to be supported by corporate agriculture in any country or region, and the stable development of agriculture must be established on the basis of taking agriculture as a lifelong occupation and rural social networks as the basic living space. The future development of modern agriculture in China should not and can not be at the expense of the decline or even the end of farmers, and it is impossible to simply exclude the entry of agricultural enterprises, but must be a development trend of mixed management. Peasant household management and agricultural enterprises should not be a simple competitive antagonistic relationship.

In the process of promoting land circulation and moderate scale operation, on the one hand, we should give full play to the comparative advantages of agricultural enterprises in resource integration, technology absorption, market expansion and quality control, and support the appropriate development of agricultural enterprises in the fields they adapt to. In this process, attention should be paid to factors such as the natural economic conditions of different regions, the transfer of rural labor force, the level of agricultural mechanization and so on. To study and determine the appropriate standards for land scale operation in this area, so as to prevent the unreasonable development of agricultural enterprises' leading preference for large-scale and large-scale operation. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to improving the coverage of land transfer and moderate scale operation in larger rural areas. Under the realistic condition that agricultural enterprises have limited access to the region and lack of driving force, although the scale of the transfer of land by large professional households, family farms and farmers' cooperatives is relatively small, but its more stable and close comparative advantage with farmers is very obvious. At present, it is especially necessary to give more direct policy support to the transfer of land through professional large households, family farms and farmers' cooperatives. Mainly relying on the accelerated development of this kind of new business entities with obvious localization characteristics and stronger actual driving force, we will enhance the level of agricultural large-scale management in a wider range of rural areas.

Third, pay close attention to the adaptive adjustment of supporting policies

Land circulation and moderate scale operation are not only a simple process of optimal allocation of land elements, but also inevitably lead to demand expansion and supply reform of agricultural technology, agricultural machinery, finance, insurance, service system and other elements. and then fundamentally change the management mode, development mode and service mode of agriculture. The original way of policy support that still maintains or seriously favors agricultural enterprises or inefficient universal small farmers has shown more and more inadaptability, and the demand for policy adjustment brought about by the acceleration of land transfer has become very urgent. At present, the most important thing is to speed up the construction and improvement of the policy support system of new business entities, focusing on three important aspects: improving productive infrastructure conditions, improving the mortgage financing function of land management rights, and strengthening the ability to resist risks. give more targeted policy support to professional large households, family farms and farmers' cooperatives with more rational scale and practical driving force. It should also be noted that the moderate scale operation of land will inevitably lead to the rapid expansion of the demand for social services, but compared with the production link, the policy support in this area is particularly weak, and the contradiction of non-adaptation is more prominent. Therefore, promoting land transfer and moderate scale operation not only needs the support of institutional breakthroughs such as confirmation of rights and certification, but also must seize the opportunity to adjust a series of inappropriate policies on the basis of property rights reform, so as to improve the policy system, calibrate policy objectives, support the development of diversified social service organizations, and significantly improve the policy performance of promoting land circulation and scale operation.

IV. Pay close attention to the security of agricultural products and food supply

Under the background of the increasingly serious contradiction of agricultural aging, "who will farm, how to farm" is becoming a common dilemma. On the one hand, the seriously aging farmers can only support the self-sufficient model of small farmers, which inevitably leads to the increasing phenomenon of extensive management and even abandonment of cultivated land in many areas, which has become an important factor affecting the security of agricultural products and food supply. On the other hand, the process of urban industrial and commercial capital entering large-scale rural land transfer often goes hand in hand with the trend of "non-agriculture" and "non-grain". The larger the scale of land transfer, the faster the development of "non-agriculture" and "non-grain". To a certain extent, "non-agriculture" will endanger the supply security of agricultural products in our country, and "non-grain" will inevitably aggravate the pressure of food security. Under the actual situation of our country the promotion of land circulation should not only significantly improve the level of scale operation but also achieve the basic goal of ensuring the security of agricultural products and food supply. Therefore, the trend of agricultural decline and the intensification of food security contradictions brought about by land transfer must not be allowed to continue to develop, and enough attention must be paid to the problems of "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grain" in the process of land circulation and moderate scale management. The basic policy choice should include two aspects: one is to strictly restrict the change of land use and protect the comprehensive agricultural production capacity in the land transfer, and effectively strengthen the restraint mechanism. The second is to further strengthen the policy tilt towards the main bodies of large-scale operation of agriculture and grain production in the fields of finance, finance and insurance, so as to effectively strengthen the incentive mechanism.