Agricultural Application of Internet of things Aquatic products planting should be popularized

The development of the Internet of things is still in its infancy, the agricultural Internet of things is not only subject to the development of the entire Internet of things industry, but also faces its own unique difficulties because of the complexity of the agricultural environment.

In recent years, the Internet of things has swept all kinds of industries like a whirlwind. Agriculture is no exception, the Internet of things technology began to be popularized and applied in many parts of the country, setting off a new trend of intelligent farming and intelligent farming.

Up to now, the fifth China International Conference on the Internet of things has been successfully held. However, relevant experts pointed out that China's Internet of things industry as a whole is still in its infancy, the demand is just beginning, the core technology of the industry has not yet been broken through, the business model is not clear enough, and there are problems of repeated investment and disorderly development in construction.

Obviously, the agricultural Internet of things is not only subject to the development of the entire Internet of things industry, but also faces its own unique difficulties because of the complexity of the agricultural environment.

From concept to popularization and application

However, in just a few years, the development momentum of the Internet of things in agriculture is quite eye-catching.

The manager of the marketing department of Zhejiang Top Instruments Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Top) told reporters that the company began to make agricultural testing instruments in 2004, and launched the Internet of things on this basis in 2010. at present, it has been widely used in planting, aquaculture, intelligent monitoring, food safety traceability and other aspects.

"the Internet of things is a technology and way, and it has many specific uses. Top has done a lot of work on greenhouse planting and field plant networking applications, and Top is responsible for the Internet of things applications on display at the Changchun Agricultural Expo Garden in 2014. " Lu manager said that vegetables produced from the greenhouse are transported to Hongqiao, Shanghai, and consumers can learn about the planting on the screen through the Internet of things platform.

"our products have been promoted in more than 20 provinces across the country, and more than 300 Internet of things projects have been put into use." Zhu Xuhua, deputy general manager of Top Company, said that the relevant departments of the Ministry of Agriculture are also very concerned about agricultural informatization and the promotion of grass-roots agricultural machinery, and visited Top Company in July this year.

In fact, many enterprises like Top have been set up in recent years. According to Zheng Wengang, director of the Agricultural Automation Department of the National Agricultural Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, there are at least 300 to 500 companies engaged in the Internet of things in agriculture.

"since the introduction of the policy of the Internet of things in 2009, the momentum of the development of the Internet of things in agriculture is still good." Zheng Wengang told China Science Daily that at present, many provinces across the country are vigorously promoting agricultural Internet of things technology. In the Beijing area, Internet of things technology has been successfully applied in facility agriculture in Daxing, Tongzhou and other places for many years, and its application in orchards and green space has also been relatively mature.

With the help of national and local finance, the agricultural Internet of things demonstration base has landed and blossomed all over the country.

In 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the 12th five-year Plan for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Informatization in China, and organized and implemented three national Internet of things application demonstration projects with the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance. In 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture selected Tianjin, Shanghai and Anhui provinces and cities with a certain basis for work to take the lead in carrying out pilot work, and identified 40 agricultural and rural information demonstration bases.

"Heilongjiang in the northeast is dominated by large-scale planting, Beijing is dominated by protected vegetables and flowers, Tianjin is dominated by aquaculture, Shanghai is dominated by logistics, and Anhui is dominated by field production." Li Daoliang, a professor at the School of Information and Electrical Engineering at China Agricultural University, told China Science Daily, "these pilot projects have carried out a large number of attempts." Internet of things technology is not a speculation concept. The essence of success and failure lies in whether the practical problems of ordinary people can be solved and whether the cost and output are equal. "

Zheng Wengang also pointed out that the cost problem is the main difficulty in the promotion of the Internet of things in agriculture. "the added value of agricultural products is low, and ordinary people also need a cognitive process of the Internet of things."

"the first two years were the improvement of the overall understanding of the concept. In the past two years, we have already understood the concept of the Internet of things in agriculture. Because of the large one-time investment, the Internet of things in agriculture is more suitable for large-scale farms, and farmers are not quite adapted to it, but this is also a stage." Manager Lu said.

Obvious advantages in aquaculture and planting

The key to whether the agricultural Internet of things can successfully enter the "farmhouse" lies in whether it can bring convenience and benefits to the common people. In 2010, China Agricultural University cooperated with the Agriculture and Forestry Department of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province to establish the first Internet of things aquaculture base in Jiangsu Province.

"Why is Yixing's Internet of things aquaculture doing well? Because it is convenient. " Li Daoliang summed up several points: the first is to solve the problem of labor intensity. Crabs can't move when they shed their shells, and they will die if they are deprived of oxygen, while the most lack of oxygen in summer is from two to five in the morning. With the Internet of things, you can know the situation of the pond in real time on your mobile phone, and you don't have to get up to patrol the pond.

Second, it is more convenient. After the discovery of hypoxia, press the button on the phone to turn on the oxygen pump. "the Internet of things provides a means. In the past, only experienced farmers could raise crabs well. Now rely on the numbers, as long as the phone is in hand, the Internet of things information is on it. "

In addition, the culture density can be increased appropriately. In the past, the way of increasing oxygen is to increase again when lack of oxygen, which has actually caused damage to the crab. Now the mode of increasing oxygen has been changed and protective measures have been taken in advance. The solubility of oxygen reaches its highest at two or three o'clock in the afternoon. When the solubility is best, the dissolved oxygen in the middle and lower reaches of the water is saturated by circulation, which is equivalent to storing a large amount of oxygen during the day and not too low at night when the oxygen solubility is the lowest.

Li Daoliang added that after increasing oxygen, the toxic substances in the water will also decompose, the crabs will not get sick, and their appetite will increase. After using the Internet of things technology, it is obvious that the amount of feed used by crab farmers has increased, and the size of crabs has also increased.

"the change in the breeding mode and the increase in benefits have indeed brought tangible benefits to the common people." Li Daoliang said, "now let the people go back to four years ago, they will not be able to go back." Even if they spend money, they are willing to install it. "

Although the application of the Internet of things in the planting industry is not as good as that in the aquaculture industry, there is no lack of good examples. Zheng Wengang said that, for example, the demonstration base of the Internet of things in Caiyu Town, Daxing District, Beijing, has hundreds of mu of land, mainly growing fresh cut flowers for export to Japan. Greenhouse temperature requirements are more stringent, in the office through the Internet of things monitoring can check whether the temperature is up to the standard, while Japanese buyers can know whether the whole process is illegal through the Internet of things platform online.

Sensing technology and agricultural decision model need to be strengthened.

From all aspects, the domestic agricultural Internet of things industry is still in its infancy. Although the experts of enterprises and scientific research institutes agree on this point, the emphasis is different.

Top marketing manager said that at present, the hardware has been very perfect, the company's research and development is mainly software.

Li Daoliang believes that due to the insufficient accumulation of domestic agricultural models, coupled with the fact that domestic agricultural production cannot be completely controlled, although there is not a large gap in software technology between China and foreign countries, it is also the same as hardware in the application of software systems. there is a big gap with foreign countries. "our concept is no worse than that of foreign countries, but our industrial manufacturing industry as a whole is relatively weak in terms of materials, technology, manufacturing, and so on. We cooperate with Fujian Shangrun Precision Instruments Company because they can produce precision agricultural sensors. "

In the past, underwater sensors were mostly used in the environmental protection industry, but rarely used in the aquaculture industry. Li Daoliang pointed out that the cost of environmental protection can be high, while the cost of agriculture cannot be high. "improving performance and reducing costs is the goal that will always be pursued."

"there is a big gap between China and foreign countries in the research and manufacturing technology of perceptual technology. The agricultural environment is relatively bad, high temperature and high humidity. In the wild, there are lightning strikes and rain, so the requirements for sensors are more stringent. Therefore, sensors that used to be very mature in industry cannot be directly used in agriculture. " Zheng Wengang said that relevant research needs to be strengthened, such as lightning resistance, high temperature and humidity resistance and stability.

"there is a greater gap in decision-making models at home and abroad. For example, greenhouse production management in the Netherlands is fully automated and does not require human intervention at all, but it cannot be achieved in China at present. " Zheng Wengang analyzed that compared with the planting industry, the income of the aquaculture industry is higher, the investment is larger, and the degree of automation is relatively high.

Zheng Wengang believes that the agricultural decision-making model is the key point. Due to the weak foundation in the early stage, the current research is mainly based on sensor sensing technology, and the agricultural decision-making model is not yet mature. Now we just get the data back, but further research is needed on how to analyze and apply it next. For example, the prediction model of diseases and insect pests, the integrated implementation model of water and fertilizer, the irrigation water-saving model, and the decision-making model technology should be further improved. Only in this way can we really bring real benefits to the common people. "