How do farmers participate in the market? Scattered farmers need to develop in groups.

"Last year, I went to the countryside to investigate. By the Dawen River, I saw a woman pulling a plow in front and a man behind it. We have entered the 21st century, and our mode of production more than 2000 years ago is still continuing. " A few days ago, Xu Yongshen, dean of China Rural Research Institute of Central China normal University, sighed at a seminar on "Land share Cooperation and effective realization of Collective economy".

He said, the peasants have no money, and the village is short of money. Where is the money? The money is on the market. Farmers should participate in the market, not be swallowed up by the market.

How do farmers participate in the market? In what way can the collective develop? After so many years of reform and opening up, we have been looking for answers. Of course, there is more than one way out. In the view of the experts attending the seminar, the land joint-stock cooperatives, which have sprung up widely in rural areas today, may be one of the effective forms.

Scattered farmers need to develop in groups.

Before 2011, Daoan Village, Pengji Street, Dongping County, Shandong Province, was still an "empty shell". There were only two tables and three chairs in the village committee, and the rest was a debt of 240000 yuan. Because of poverty, there was no village director in the village for nine years. Most of the young people left the village and stayed at home counting on the mu of land, and the financial situation was not good either.

But now when I walk into an village, as long as I go to the farmer's home to inquire about it, I will find that it is already a different state. In 2013, the Anda Land Stock Cooperative was established. By introducing the company to build a Chinese medicine planting base, the collective can earn more than 300,000 yuan, and farmers can get a guaranteed rent of 1000 yuan per mu of land every year. In more than a year, there were 51 cooperatives of all kinds of land shares in Dongping county.

"it is no accident that the cooperation between land shares is developing very fast." Huang Zuhui, dean of the China Rural Development Research Institute of Zhejiang University, said, "Joint-stock cooperation is a unique system of agriculture. Why should there be a cooperative system in agriculture? The main agriculture is family management, and the limitations of family management should be overcome. However, the cooperative system itself also has some limitations, especially when it extends longitudinally and downstream. Downstream is industrial processing, which is suitable for the modern enterprise system. "

An village originally has a tradition of powder processing, for many years, the operation mode of each family has been unable to get out of the predicament of small scale, difficult drying, low output and low profit. With the development of market economy, scattered farmers have more and more need to develop together. After the establishment of the land joint-stock cooperative, it invested and built a powder processing district on the wasteland in the village, unified batching, management, and packaging, and registered the "Anda" trademark, which was uniformly purchased and sold by the cooperative. the cooperative can achieve an annual income of more than 2 million yuan, and the average annual income of processing households can also reach more than 100000 yuan.

The benefits are obviously considerable. However, some experts suggest that to promote the joint-stock cooperative system in agriculture, including land joint-stock cooperation, we must properly handle the relationship between the joint-stock system and the cooperative system.

"one is the relationship between the two in the distribution of interests. In addition, from the perspective of the vertical integration of the entire agricultural industrial organization, the upstream, that is, the primary industry planting and aquaculture, should give priority to cooperation as far as possible. Downstream industrialization can be realized through the establishment of processing plants, and industrial-related activities can be dominated by shares. " Huang Zuhui said: although Dongping cooperates with land shares, there are also differences, and the situation in each village is different. It is very important to proceed from the reality of the industry and the allocation of local factors to develop the model that is most suitable for itself, rather than an across-the-board approach.

Clarity of property rights and industrial support are indispensable.

In an interview in Dongping, the reporter heard such a jingle: "as soon as you sweat hard in your old age, calculate how much it costs, chemical fertilizer and diesel oil is not cheap, and it is not cost-effective if the land is not transferred." It can be seen that land transfer has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. But the farmers also know, "if this piece of land does not flow, you have to decide how to transfer and join the co-operative."

Generally speaking, the clearer the property right is, the stricter the protection is, and the more dynamic the economy is. An important premise of land share cooperation is the clarity of property rights. When it comes to the specific operation, it is the registration and issuance of the right to the contracted management of land.

Deng Dacai, executive director of the China Rural Research Institute of Central China normal University, told the reporter that in the process of developing land joint-stock cooperatives, Dongping County is to combine the determination of land rights with land cooperative management, demutualize farmers' land, and guide farmers to buy shares with the right to land contractual management, so that land can become a kind of asset that can obtain income from cooperative operation.

"there are two very important concepts here, one is the empowerment of property rights, the second is the implementation of property rights, or the exercise of property rights." Luo Biliang, dean of the School of Economics and Management of South China Agricultural University, stressed that for the management rights of farmers, as a single family, the behavior capacity of farmers in the market context is very limited, so it is necessary to invigorate the management rights of farmers. The subdivision of property rights, the transaction of property rights and the allocation of property rights have become the basic clues to promote practical innovation.

With regard to the clarification of rural property rights, experts believe that many parts of the country, including Dongping, have made good explorations. However, in the process of specific operation, whether the right is the contracted land or the "rations land" mentioned by the common people; under the condition that there is a clear time limit for the second round of contracting, it remains to be clear how to determine the time limit for confirming the right, and so on.

In addition, there is a prerequisite for the development of land joint-stock cooperatives, that is, cooperation can increase profits than non-cooperation. "if this assumption does not exist, the co-operative will not exist." Said Chen Shengwei, deputy dean of the School of Economics and Management of Shandong Agricultural University.