The way to solve the dilemma of ecological governance of urbanization

Urbanization is a symbol of economic development and social progress of a country or region, and ecological environment is the basis of human survival and development. Urbanization and ecological environment are interdependent and interdependent. The 2014 government work report stated that "urbanization is the only way to modernization and an important support for breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas." We should improve the system and mechanism of urban and rural development integration, and adhere to the new urbanization road of people-oriented, synchronized modernization, optimized layout, ecological civilization and cultural inheritance." With the rapid development of urbanization in China, urban ecological environment is facing severe challenges. Ecological problems such as excessive consumption of resources, aggravation of environmental pollution, serious destruction of ecological system and prominent hidden dangers of ecological security have become the main factors restricting the development of urbanization in China. How to control the ecological environment and how to solve the ecological governance dilemma in the process of urbanization have become urgent problems to be solved at present. Ecological governance in the process of urbanization is a complex system engineering, which requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and the public to innovate the working mechanism, construct a multi-level and all-round ecological governance model, and promote the sustainable development of China's social economy.

Dilemma of Ecological Governance in the Process of Urbanization

Lack of awareness of ecological governance concepts. Economic benefits are valued more than ecological benefits in concept. For a long time, China's extensive economic growth characteristics are obvious, local governments attach importance to economy over environmental protection, and the industrial field adopts the production mode of "mining-production-consumption-waste", which has the characteristics of non-recycling, high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission, resulting in industrial production energy consumption, wastewater discharge and solid waste significantly higher than the world average level. The government does not pay enough attention to environmental protection education, environmental education is a mere formality, public awareness of ecological protection is weak, and ecological risks in the process of urbanization are greatly ignored.

Lack of ecological governance mechanisms. The lack of ecological protection mechanism leads to the deterioration of ecological environment. In the process of urbanization, there is a lack of environmental protection mechanisms. Construction projects that have a significant impact on the environment lack an effective supervision mechanism; after the ecological environment is destroyed by man, there is no necessary compensation mechanism, resulting in ecological restoration; the lack of reasonable price mechanism leads to the difficulty of protecting farmers 'rights and interests after land expropriation. The lack of restraint mechanism leads to the aggravation of "urban disease". Some local governments simply interpret urbanization as a "city-building movement", excessively pursue economies of scale, lack necessary restraint mechanisms for urban planning and construction, resulting in all kinds of parks rushing into action, a large amount of farmland being abused, and a large amount of resources and energy being consumed. The imperfect system of environmental laws and regulations, the inadequate enforcement of environmental protection departments, the confusion of types and responsibilities of environmental supervision agencies, and the lack of investment in environmental governance all restrict the efforts of urban ecological environment governance in China.

The responsibility of the main body of ecological governance is unclear. Urbanization construction is a complex system engineering, which needs close cooperation and joint participation of government, enterprises and the public. However, there are some problems such as unclear responsibility of governance subject. Ecological governance requires the cooperation of government departments, but it is difficult for government departments to exert their overall joint effectiveness due to their fragmentation. As far as enterprises are concerned, enterprises are the main body of market activities, aiming at maximizing profits, doing everything possible to reduce costs in order to enhance competitiveness, and unwilling to invest too much money in ecological governance. As far as the public is concerned, ecological governance needs the active participation of the public, but due to the lack of necessary institutional guarantee and participation channels, the enthusiasm and initiative of public participation are not high, which affects the breadth and depth of governance.

Strategies for Solving the Dilemma of Ecological Governance in the Process of Urbanization

Establish the concept of sustainable development of urbanization and construct the legal guarantee mechanism of ecological governance. To solve the dilemma of urbanization ecological governance, we should adhere to the ecological civilization concept of harmony between man and nature and the sustainable development concept of urbanization construction. We should find a balance between urban construction and economic development, properly handle the relationship between population, resources, environment and development, correctly handle the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment governance, scientifically handle the relationship between economic development scale and environmental capacity, reasonably measure the carrying capacity of ecological environment resources, and promote sustainable economic, social and ecological development. We should build a legal guarantee mechanism for ecological governance and promote the construction of environmental legal system. At present, China has formulated Environmental Protection Law, Water and Soil Conservation Law and Circular Economy Promotion Law, which provide certain legal guarantee for ecological environment governance. In the future, according to the characteristics of urbanization construction, environmental laws and regulations should be combined with political and economic policies, an ecological environment legal governance system that meets the needs of urbanization construction should be constructed, and the legal guarantee mechanism for environmental protection should be continuously improved.

Clarify the main body of ecological governance responsibility and construct an all-round and multi-level ecological construction mechanism. Ecological governance is a complex system engineering. In order to realize the institutionalization, standardization and specialization of ecological governance, it is necessary to establish an ecological construction mechanism that meets the requirements of urban development, and construct an all-round, multi-level and all-inclusive ecological cooperation governance mode led by the government, promoted by enterprises and participated by the public. We should give full play to the leading role of the government and strengthen the government's management of the urban ecological environment. Establish the people-oriented urbanization development concept, reasonably position the role of the government, earnestly implement the government's environmental supervision responsibility, and strictly implement the urban environmental management system. We should enhance the sense of environmental responsibility of enterprises and construct the ecological promotion mechanism of enterprises. It is necessary to shut down and convert highly polluting enterprises, strictly control industrial pollution, strengthen environmental protection self-discipline of enterprises, and actively guide enterprises to participate in ecological treatment projects. We should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the public to participate, guide the public to promote ecological environment governance by improving their own quality and strengthening self-management, and form a social atmosphere in which everyone saves resources and protects the environment.

Promote economic restructuring and industrial transformation and upgrading, and build a financial guarantee mechanism for ecological governance. The essence of environmental problems is development problems. To solve the dilemma of urban ecological governance, we should finally handle the relationship between environmental construction and economic development, adjust and optimize economic structure, transform economic development mode, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and take a new road of urbanization. We should vigorously develop the tertiary industry and increase the proportion of service industries; improve the extensive secondary industry and develop a technology-intensive economy; improve the scientific and technological level of the primary industry and promote the scale, industrialization and modernization of agriculture. To solve the ecological dilemma of cities and towns, it is necessary to establish a financial guarantee mechanism. It is necessary to increase financial preference and credit investment in ecological governance, and deal with ecological governance problems in accordance with the principle of "polluters responsible and developers protected"; increase investment in urban domestic sewage, domestic garbage and industrial waste and other environmental facilities; establish a system of paid use of resources and ecological compensation, strengthen the asset management system of natural resources, and form an open diversified investment system for ecological governance.