How can the yield of super rice exceed 1000 kg per mu?

After the Ministry of Agriculture organized experts to test the yield, the fourth phase of China's super rice per mu project in Xupu County, Hunan Province, supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and led by Academician Yuan Longping, achieved a major breakthrough, setting a new record of 1026.7 kg per mu. Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, sent a congratulatory letter to Academician Yuan Longping on the same day, expressing warm congratulations and sincere greetings. Han Changfu said that this is the result of the joint efforts and long-term struggle of a large number of agricultural science and technology workers led by Academician Yuan Longping, and it is a great contribution to the agricultural science and technology cause of China and even the world.

Han Changfu said in his congratulatory letter that the yield per mu of super rice exceeds 1000 kilograms, which not only marks that China's hybrid rice research has once again reached the peak of the world, but also shows that the Chinese people have the ability and confidence to rely on their own strength to solve the problem of national food security, which will also have an important and far-reaching impact on maintaining global food security.

Why can super rice yield thousands of kilograms per mu be realized?

On April 28, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping and the national model workers talked about the "Chinese Dream". At that time, Yuan Longping took out two photos of super hybrid rice and handed them to the general secretary and said: "I have two dreams, one is 'dream of enjoying cool under He', and the other is hybrid rice covering the world dream. This is my Chinese dream." Less than a year later, Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, once again handed over a satisfactory answer.

"High-yield rice needs a combination of improved varieties, good methods, good fields and good conditions, among which improved varieties are the core, good methods are the means, good fields are the foundation, and good conditions are good climate and ecological conditions."

Yuan Longping of "post-80s" is already imagining the goal of "post-90s": there is still 500 kg of potential per mu of rice in the future to be tackled by researchers. With the progress of integrated technology such as breeding technology, super rice can even reach 1500 kg per mu.

What does super rice mean by breaking through the yield of more than 1000 kg per mu?

On October 10, 2014, an expert group appointed by the Ministry of Agriculture conducted on-site yield test and acceptance of super hybrid rice "Y Liangyou 900" in Hongxing Village, Hengbanqiao Township, Xupu County, Hunan Province. Through random sampling, the average yield per mu was 1026.70 kg, which marked the success of the fourth phase of super hybrid rice in China led by Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, and also marked that China's hybrid rice breeding technology had reached a new level. It is of positive significance to China's food security.

From the target of 700 kg/mu in the first phase in 2000, 800 kg/mu in the second phase in 2004, 926.6 kg/mu in the third phase in 2011 to 1026.70 kg/mu in 2014, China's hybrid rice breeding research has achieved world-renowned "four-jump" in 14 years.

Why is super rice so "super"

After Yuan Longping tasted super hybrid rice, he thought that the rice grains were round and full, rich in oily luster. Rice to the mouth delicate fragrance, full of elasticity, taste excellent.

In addition to increasing yield, the new super hybrid rice Y Liangyou 2 will pay more attention to rice nutrition, and the research team is working on testing new varieties to increase vitamin A, protein, starch and other nutrients in order to reduce anemia and visual problems.

Super rice has no defects

Formula Hua: Super rice is a hybrid between japonica rice and indica rice. It is like a hybrid. The differences between parents are very large, so it is likely to have poor functionality in the later stage.

Yuan Longping: Super hybrid rice can not be reserved, fertilizer consumption is large.

What is the theoretical limit of rice yield in larger area?

Super hybrid rice breeding in China has been following the technical route proposed by Academician Yuan Longping: morphological improvement and heterosis utilization.

Academician Yuan Longping also said that according to the estimation of Japanese scholars, the utilization rate of light energy of rice, that is, the ratio of energy contained in organic matter accumulated by crop photosynthesis to sunlight energy irradiated on the ground, can reach about 5% at most; If we are conservative, we can double this figure and calculate it according to the light energy utilization rate of 2.5%. Taking the solar radiation in Changsha area as an example, in theory, the yield per mu of early rice can reach 1000 kg, that of late rice can reach 1100 kg, and that of middle rice can reach 1500 kg.

"Y Liangyou 900" is a middle rice variety with a potential yield of 500 kg from the theoretical yield.

What varieties of super rice are there?

In the past 20 years, the number of main rice varieties has increased significantly, the average annual extension area of single variety has decreased significantly, the extension area of conventional rice is narrow, the extension area of hybrid rice is wide, the number of varieties extended in large areas has decreased, and the two-line hybrid rice has developed rapidly.

Rice area in upper reaches of Yangtze River. In recent 10 years, the varieties widely used in this rice area include Ⅱ You 838, a variety with high and stable yield and wide adaptability, Gangyou 22, a hybrid medium indica rice with medium and late maturity and large panicle.

Rice area in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. In recent 10 years, the varieties popularized and applied in this rice area are Shanyou 63-hybrid rice variety with the longest extension time and the largest application area, Liangyoupeijiu-representative variety of the first generation two-line hybrid rice, Jinyou 207-late indica hybrid rice variety with early maturity and good quality, Fengliangyou 1-good quality two-line hybrid rice variety, Xinliangyou 6-early maturity and good quality two-line hybrid rice variety, Y Liangyou 1-new two-line hybrid rice variety with high yield and good quality, Tianyou Huazhan...

What does the Ministry of Agriculture do in super rice research and extension?

On April 9,2014, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu came to Hainan Nanfan Base of National Hybrid Engineering Technology Research Center and jointly announced the launch of the fourth phase of super hybrid rice with Yuan Longping, father of hybrid rice, striving to cultivate new super rice varieties with yield potential of more than 1000 kg per mu in 5 to 8 years. Han Changfu said that the Ministry of Agriculture will strongly support the fourth phase of super hybrid rice research, so that the yield per mu of super rice will reach a higher level.

After attending the Boao Forum for Asia Agricultural Roundtable with the theme of "Food Security", Han Changfu rushed to Nanfan Base to investigate the super rice breeding research site led by Yuan Longping and discuss rice scientific research and industrial development strategies with Yuan Longping. Accompanied by Yuan Longping, Han Changfu walked into the experimental field to check the growth of new super hybrid rice varieties that had entered the mature stage. Under the scorching sun, the golden rice lowered its heavy head, a scene of harvest in sight.

How to save hybrid rice from the impact of the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture?

In recent years, the decline trend of hybrid rice varieties is very obvious, the number of varieties with an annual extension area of more than 1 million mu increased from 46 in 2002 to the highest 59 in 2004, and then decreased year by year to 29 in 2012; the number of varieties with an annual extension area of more than 5 million mu decreased from about 9 in the early stage to 1 at present; since 2007, there has been no variety with an annual extension area of more than 10 million mu. The average annual extension area of single varieties of hybrid rice decreased from 2.133 million mu in 1993 to 374,000 mu in 2012, a decrease of 82.5%.

"Save hybrid rice!" It is the proposal that the reporter heard most at the demonstration meeting of "C Liangyou Huazhan" on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on August 26. In fact, as early as three years ago, Professor Chen Liyun of Hunan Agricultural University issued an appeal to save hybrid rice: to save hybrid rice as a major event to solve China's food security and save national seed industry.