Solidly promote the process of grass management and protection according to law and achieve remarkable results in grassland law enforcement and supervision.

The decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively promoting the rule of law as a major issue examined and adopted by the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the general goal and principle of comprehensively promoting the rule of law. It has made comprehensive arrangements for scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial judicature, and law-abiding by the whole people, and put forward clear requirements for strengthening the building of the legal work team and strengthening and improving the party's leadership in promoting the rule of law in an all-round way. Grassland supervision institutions at all levels should conscientiously study and implement the spirit of the "decision" and actively promote the process of grass management and protection according to law.

Grassland law enforcement supervision has achieved remarkable results.

(1) the atmosphere of grassland law enforcement and supervision has been newly improved. In recent years, grassland supervision organizations at all levels have regarded the publicity of grassland law popularization as an important task, and made full use of mainstream media such as newspapers, radio and television by holding grassland law popularization publicity month and sending the law to the countryside. We will deeply publicize grassland laws and regulations and grassland protection policies, and actively create a good atmosphere of public opinion for grassland law enforcement work. The atmosphere of concern, concern and care for the ecological protection of grasslands from all walks of life is getting stronger and stronger, and the mass foundation is more solid.

(2) New progress has been made in the building of grassland law enforcement agencies and teams. By the end of June 2014, the number of grassland supervision institutions at or above the county level reached 914, with 9839 supervisors, an increase of 60 institutions and 1376 personnel over 2012. By strengthening law enforcement training in various localities, the ability of law enforcement personnel to standardize law enforcement has been significantly improved. The provinces and regions that implement the grassland supplementary award policy actively promote the construction of the contingent of grassland managers and guards. At present, there are nearly 90,000 grassland managers and protectors throughout the country, which has become an important supplementary force for strengthening grass-roots grassland supervision.

(3) New achievements have been made in investigating and dealing with grassland crimes in accordance with the law. In the past two years, various localities have continuously stepped up supervision over grassland law enforcement. in 2013, a total of 279 suspected criminal cases were transferred to judicial organs, an increase of 1.23 times over the same period last year. In the first half of 2014, a total of 330 suspected criminal cases were transferred, 51 more than in 2013. In 2013, a total of 18767 grassland violations of all kinds were investigated and dealt with, an increase of 707 over 2012, and the filing rate and closing rate increased by 1.0 and 0.6 percentage points respectively.

(4) to promote new breakthroughs in the connection between grassland administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. After the introduction of grassland judicial interpretation, the communication and coordination with judicial organs has been continuously strengthened. with the gradual establishment and improvement of the connecting mechanism of grassland administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, the role of judicial organs in punishing grassland crimes has been effectively brought into full play. the situation of grassland administrative law enforcement organs and judicial organs jointly cracking down on grassland crimes has initially taken shape.

(5) the management level of examination and approval of grassland requisition and occupation has been improved. In the past two years, grassland supervision agencies at all levels have taken the initiative to strengthen communication and coordination with land and other relevant departments, and constantly standardize the examination and approval procedures for grassland requisition and occupation. Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Xizang and other provinces and regions shall issue documents by the people's governments at the provincial level, or jointly issued documents by the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department and the Land Department, clearly proposing that without the examination and approval of the grassland administrative department, the land and resources department shall not go through the formalities for examination and approval of grassland requisition and occupation.

Opportunities and challenges of grassland Law Enforcement Supervision

(1) the system of grassland laws and regulations has begun to form a framework, but the task of revision and interpretation is still arduous. At present, China has initially formed a grassland law and regulation system, which is composed of grassland Law, grassland Judicial interpretation, grassland Fire Prevention regulations, 13 local regulations, 4 Ministry of Agriculture rules and 11 local government rules. But at the same time, the problems of imperfect and imperfect grassland laws and regulations are still prominent. The important systems such as the contract for the determination of grassland rights and the protection of basic grasslands are not specific and perfect; the provinces and regions in the south have not yet formulated and issued supporting local laws and regulations according to the local reality; the problems of high cost of abiding by the law and low cost of breaking the law are still very prominent.

(2) the strategic position of grassland has been significantly improved, but the task of adhering to the red line of grassland ecology is still arduous. The 18th CPC National Congress raised the construction of ecological civilization to the strategic height of the five-in-one general layout, and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to speed up the construction of ecological civilization system. Grassland, as the largest green ecological barrier in China, is the main position for the construction of ecological civilization. However, for a long time, some localities have not fundamentally reversed the concepts of attaching importance to the use of grasslands over protection and regarding grasslands as wasteland. Problems such as encroaching on grasslands at will, designating grasslands as unused land or suitable forest land, and implementing cultivated land occupation-compensation balance and afforestation projects on grasslands are very prominent. In addition, the problem of urbanization squeezing out rural land, including grasslands, has become increasingly prominent, and adhering to the red line of grassland ecology is facing severe challenges.

(3) the deterrent and disciplinary role of grassland judicial interpretation begins to appear, but the task of cracking down on grassland crimes is still arduous. After the introduction of the judicial interpretation of grassland, various places continue to increase the transfer of suspected criminal cases, and a large number of criminal suspects who destroy the grassland have been severely punished by the law. But at the same time, in recent years, acts such as illegal reclamation of grasslands and illegal requisition and occupation of grasslands have been banned repeatedly, the number of cases remains high, administrative interference in law enforcement and judicial problems are still quite prominent in some places, and the illegal and criminal acts of grasslands should be thoroughly investigated. there are still a lot of difficulties and problems.

(4) the grassland law enforcement team is growing, but the task of further improving the level of capacity is still arduous. In recent years, all levels have seized the opportunity to actively promote the construction of the grassland supervision system, the grassland law enforcement team has been further enriched and strengthened, and a grassland law enforcement team of nearly 10,000 people has been formed throughout the country. it has become an important force in protecting grasslands and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and herdsmen in accordance with the law. But at the same time, there are relatively few legal professionals in the grassland law enforcement team, and the problems of weak procedural awareness and lack of law enforcement skills of law enforcement personnel are still very prominent in some places. Compared with other agricultural industries, there is still a big gap.

(5) grassland ecology has been significantly restored, but the task of strengthening the ban on grazing and the supervision of grass-livestock balance is still arduous. Since the implementation of the grassland subsidy policy in 2011, the grassland ecology has been significantly restored. According to monitoring, the average overloading rate of livestock in the country's key natural grasslands in 2013 was 16.8 percent, down 11.2 percentage points from 2011, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage reached 54.2 percent, an increase of 3.2 percentage points over 2011. However, at present, the distribution of supplementary bonus funds in some places is out of touch with the implementation of the task of banning grazing and balancing grass and livestock, and the problems of inadequate implementation of the system of banning grazing and balancing grass and livestock, and inadequate law enforcement and supervision are still very prominent. The task of further strengthening the ban on animal husbandry and the balance between grass and livestock to ensure the implementation of the two systems is still arduous and arduous.

Strive to promote grassland law enforcement and supervision to a new level

(1) to speed up the contract for determining the rights of grasslands and lay a solid foundation for the supervision of grassland law enforcement. Defining the ownership of grassland and implementing grassland contracting are the important basis for carrying out grassland law enforcement. At present, the state is promoting the registration and certification of rural land rights. All localities should increase communication and coordination with relevant departments, conscientiously do a good job in the registration and certification of grassland rights, and further clarify the attributes and ownership of grassland land types, so as to lay a foundation for the supervision of grassland law enforcement. It is necessary to further implement and improve the grassland contract management system, and mobilize the enthusiasm of grassland contractors to protect and rationally use grasslands in accordance with the law.

(2) thoroughly publicize and implement the judicial interpretation of grasslands and intensify the investigation and punishment of illegal and criminal acts in grasslands. It is necessary to continue to publicize in depth the judicial interpretation of grasslands and pay attention to carrying out warning publicity and education through the notification and exposure of major typical cases. Constantly strengthen the inspection of law enforcement, find clues to the case in time, and concentrate efforts on investigation and punishment. We will further strengthen communication and coordination with judicial organs, promote the establishment and improvement of a connecting mechanism between grassland law enforcement and criminal justice, and give full play to the advantages and role of judicial organs in cracking down on grassland crimes. Efforts should be made to curb the high incidence of grassland crimes.

(3) conscientiously implement the policy of replenishing grassland awards, and earnestly strengthen the prohibition of grazing and the supervision of the balance of grass and livestock. So far, the grassland subsidy policy has the largest scale of investment, the widest coverage and the most benefit to farmers and herdsmen in grassland pastoral areas. The implementation of the system of banning grazing and balancing grass and livestock is the key to ensuring the smooth implementation and effectiveness of this policy. Grassland supervision institutions at all levels should conscientiously perform their duties, actively innovate working methods, further strengthen the law enforcement and supervision of the prohibition of grazing and the balance of grass and livestock, and promptly investigate and correct violations of the provisions on the prohibition of grazing and the balance of grass and livestock. to ensure the effectiveness of the grassland bonus policy.

(4) strengthen the management of grassland requisition and occupation and standardize the collection and use of grassland vegetation restoration fees. It is necessary to further strengthen communication and coordination with the departments of development and reform, land, and other departments, keep abreast of the use of grasslands in construction projects, and intervene in the pre-examination of project land in advance. Illegal acts such as occupation without approval or approval without trial shall be seriously investigated and dealt with in accordance with the law, and those suspected of committing crimes shall be transferred to judicial organs in a timely manner. We will further strengthen and standardize the collection of grassland vegetation restoration fees, and shall not reduce or exempt grassland vegetation restoration fees at will. The grassland vegetation restoration fee should be used rationally according to the prescribed use, and shall not be intercepted or misappropriated, so as to ensure that the grassland vegetation restoration fee is taken from grass and used for grass.

(5) strengthen the building of grassland law enforcement teams and constantly improve the ability and level of grassland law enforcement supervision. All localities should speed up the construction of a grassland supervision system in accordance with the objective requirements of "reasonable organizational setup, optimized team structure, well-equipped facilities, and effective law enforcement and supervision." Further strengthen the training of grassland law enforcement personnel, and constantly improve the ability and level of grassland law enforcement personnel. Further strengthen the construction of the contingent of grassland managers and guards, promote the establishment of a semi-professional team of grassland managers and guards, and give full play to their role in managing and protecting grasslands. Strengthen the work style construction of grassland law enforcement team and establish a good image of grassland law enforcement personnel.