Who is the "professional farmer"? The comparative benefit of agricultural industry is not high.

A few days ago, the State Office of the CPC Central Committee issued the opinions on guiding the orderly transfer of rural land management rights to develop appropriate scale operation of agriculture, and put forward the proposal of "carrying out education and training for new vocational farmers". As a province to promote the cultivation of new professional farmers determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Shaanxi has identified 3835 professional farmers at all levels since 2011, exploring "who will farm" and "how to farm" in the new period.

With the advance of urbanization, more and more attention has been paid to "who will farm the land" and "how to farm the land". On the one hand, it points to the food security plan of "whether the rice bowl can be carried out in the hands of the Chinese people". On the other hand, it concerns the agricultural food safety of thousands of households. "Safety is not managed, but planted, and needs to be solved from the source of producers and operators." Dai Jianchang, director of the Science and Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Agriculture Department, said.

The traditional so-called "farmers" are often labourers who are distinguished by their hukou and identity. In recent years, in the process of the development from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, with the further refinement of the division of labor and the continuous improvement of the degree of specialization, the new professional group of "professional farmers" is about to emerge.

The efficiency of the agricultural industry is not high. It would rather rent a house and work than go back to its hometown to work.

Yang Xiaohong, deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Agriculture, talked about the "mantra" he heard when he went to the countryside, and his eyebrows frowned slightly. "as for the post-90s generation, they don't talk about farming at all."

"when I graduated from junior high school, all I could think about was how to 'escape' the countryside." Ning Jiangjuan, who was born in the 1970s, is a villager of Dazhao Village in Chang'an District, Xi'an. "she went to the city to open a small restaurant for more than 20 years, which is much more than farming."

Liu Nan, 26, also from Guo Beicun, East Street Office, Changan District, was admitted to the mechatronics major of Xi'an Institute of Engineering and Technology in the college entrance examination. "most of the students are farm children. They would rather rent and work in Xi'an than go back to their hometown to work."

It is common for a large number of labourers to go to cities and part-time agriculture. "the problem is the appearance, and the key lies in the low level of agricultural production and operation, and the low efficiency of the industry," Yang Hsiao-hung says frankly. If the "farmer" is not allowed to become a decent profession and realize his personal maximum value, "he will not do it even if he or she is tied up in the field."

Of course, apart from being unwilling to farm, a considerable number of people already do not know how to farm. In 2008, she accidentally listened to a lecture on the policy of land transfer to benefit the people. Ning Jiangjuan, who "earned the first bucket of gold," was full of enthusiasm and decided to go back to her hometown to start a business. "investing 300000 yuan and transferring 50 mu of land to plant greenhouse watermelons is almost all my savings for opening a restaurant." as a result, there was no technology, no market knowledge, no marketing. "the next year, I lost nearly 200000 yuan."

"growing watermelons is like opening a restaurant, specializing in art," Ning Chiang-Juan, who learned from the bitter experience, quickly realized. "I was born as a farmer, so I may not know how to farm."

"Peasant" is no longer an identity, but a profession, divided into four types and three levels.

As a new type of professional farmers determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, cultivate the whole province and promote the province. Shaanxi divides the province's new professional farmers into production and operation type (large farmers, family farmers, backbone of farmers' professional cooperatives, etc.), professional skills type (agricultural industrial workers, agricultural employees, etc.), social service type (rural information workers, agricultural brokers, agricultural machinery hands, generation ploughers, machine guard, animal epidemic prevention workers, etc.) and the new generation (graduates of agricultural colleges and secondary schools, returning young migrant workers, etc.) Return to military personnel, etc.) four categories.

"Professional farmers should have a strong modern consciousness, higher scientific and cultural quality, and higher professional accomplishment," says Yang Xiaohong.

Since 2011, the Agriculture Department of Shaanxi Province has successively formulated normative documents such as "Provincial work Plan for the cultivation of New Professional Farmers" and "interim measures for the Identification and Management of New Professional Farmers" and "trial measures for performance Evaluation of the cultivation of New Professional Farmers". The "top-level design", such as vocational farmer education and training, identification management, policy support and so on, has become increasingly clear.