Where is the potential of people's urbanization?

The core of urbanization is the urbanization of people. At the present stage, speeding up the transfer and employment of rural surplus labor force is an important way to increase farmers' income and realize human urbanization. In late autumn, the reporter followed the research team composed of agricultural and industrial offices and other departments in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, by issuing questionnaires, holding symposiums, and so on, to investigate the transfer and employment of rural labor force in five communities, namely, Denggezhuang Community in Longdu Street, Yangjia Guanjin Community in Jiayue Town, Yuewang Community in Shiqiaozi Town, Daren River Community in Baichihe Town, and Xinxing Community in Xinxing Town.

Zhucheng is the birthplace of agricultural industrialization. There are many leading enterprises such as BAIC Futian, bridegroom Sinur, Zhucheng foreign trade, Delis and other leading enterprises, with a total financial income of 35.26 billion yuan in the first half of this year and ranked 32nd among the top 100 counties in the country in 2013. The five communities selected in this study have a total population of 22005, including 15854 workers and 9244 transferred rural workers, accounting for 58 per cent of the total labor force. The five community types are different. Denggezhuang community is a suburban community, with a labor transfer employment rate of 61%; Yangjia Guanjin community is a community with a more developed modern agriculture, with a transfer employment rate of 39%; Yuewang community is a more common remote community, with a transfer employment rate of 58%; Daren River community is a resident community in the original township, with a transfer employment rate of 55%; Xinxing community is a town resident community, with a transfer employment rate of 70%.

Give priority to local employment, showing "four characteristics"

Yan Zhongfeng, a farmer in Dongdengezhuang Village of Denggezhuang Community, has been working in Zhucheng for more than 10 years. "I have been working in this enterprise all these years. Last year, I worked as a group leader in the workshop, and my income was also good, nearly 3000 yuan a month." Yan Zhongfeng said.

According to Kong Xiaoming, vice mayor, in this survey, 88% of the labor force is transferred from 21 to 60 years old, and 75% of the labor force is between 21 and 50 years old, which is the main force of labor transfer, and the proportion of men and women in the labor force under the age of 50 is equal, which is something in common. After careful analysis, there are four characteristics.

The employment rate in the city is as high as 91%, which is the biggest feature. Among them, 14% are in the village, 36% are in the town outside the village, and 40% are in the city outside the town. In particular, the effective community Denggozhuang community is as high as 96%, and the town resident community Xinxing community is up to 95%.

"the second feature is the high proportion of secondary industry, which is directly related to the industrial development of Zhucheng." Kong Xiaoming said. The number of rural workers in the community engaged in the secondary industry accounted for 61%, the primary industry accounted for 7%, and the tertiary industry and individuals accounted for 12% and 20% respectively.

The most gratifying thing is that the income of the transferred labor force is good, with 61 per cent of the total labor force with a monthly income of more than 2000 yuan. However, the remote community Yuewang community accounts for only 45%, while Daren he community accounts for 55%, indicating that those with an income of more than 2000 yuan mainly work in the secondary and tertiary industries.

Perennial migrant workers account for a large proportion, up to 62%, accounting for 23% for more than 6 months, indicating that income and work are relatively stable, which is a good trend.

There are still "five deficiencies" in stranded culture and skills.

Zhang Huanxin, director of the Agriculture and Industry Office of the Municipal CPC Committee, said frankly: "the low educational level of the rural migrant labor force and their low professional skills have greatly limited their own development."

The labor force with junior high school education and below is 6395, accounting for 69% of the total labor force; high school accounts for 16%, while college or above accounts for only 7%, indicating that the overall educational level of the rural labor force is still on the low side, which is also the biggest "deficiency". In addition, another major "deficiency" is that those who have received professional and technical training account for only 24% of the total, resulting in a superimposed impact.

Yang Shusen, a community of Yangjia Guanjin in Jiayue Town, works in Huifa Food Company. His words are representative: "We have no culture and no strong points. I finally asked someone to find a job, and I have been working here all the time." What I do is a kebab job. I don't have any technical content, and I don't think there will be a big development. "

Yang Shusen's so-called "asking someone to find a job" is also a big "deficiency". The survey shows that only 4% of the rural labor force transfer employment is organized and 96% rely on the relationship of "consanguinity, popularity, and geography" to find a job, and there is also obvious spontaneity and a certain degree of blindness.

The labor security rate is low, which is a universal "deficiency". Among the five communities, only 20% signed labor contracts with units, 26% paid by themselves, and most of the people did not have labor security. Even, there are many phenomena such as deduction and arrears of wages by individual employers, poor working environment of migrant workers, lack of labor protection, arbitrary punishment and harm to migrant workers.

The land transfer rate of the transferred labor force is still very low, accounting for only 26%, indicating that seasonal and part-time employment accounts for a large proportion. With one exception, the more remote Yuewang community has a land transfer rate of 68%, indicating that if it is farther away from home, the land transfer rate is higher.

Focusing on long-term development, there are "four directions of effort"

Zhang Huanxin said: in view of the characteristics and shortcomings, after in-depth analysis, the research team believes that there are "four directions for efforts."

In view of the characteristics of the vast majority of labor force in local employment, it is necessary to speed up the development of county economy. Whether it is county enterprises, urban and community service enterprises, or efficient farming in rural areas, it is the best choice to transfer labor force nearby.

In view of the fact that the culture and skills of the labor force are low, great efforts should be made to carry out quality improvement projects. "this is a basic work. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish. Only when labourers have excellent skills can they win in the employment competition, win their own voice in enterprises, and lay a good foundation for increasing income and security." Zhang Huanxin said.

In view of the "deficiency" of the low degree of transfer organization, it is necessary to improve the organization degree of labor transfer. We should not only improve administrative services such as vocational training, employment consultation, job registration, information inquiry and employment recommendation, but also vigorously cultivate intermediary organizations, integrate the labor information service network, and make use of social resources to provide services for the transferred labor force.

In view of the "deficiency" of poor protection, it is necessary to improve relevant policies and systems to protect the rights and interests of migrant workers. For example, explore the social insurance mechanism in line with the characteristics of migrant workers, bring migrant workers into the public management service system, and ensure that migrant workers enjoy the same treatment of urban residents in terms of medical treatment and schooling of their children.