What can be used to keep food fresh and store food to ensure quantity, quality and ecological security?

At present, China's grain reserve has developed from the simple pursuit of quantitative security to both quality security and ecological security. To ensure the safety of grain storage, the greatest potential lies in science and technology, and the fundamental way lies in science and technology.

The State Grain Administration recently held a national grain science and technology innovation conference, which released major scientific and technological innovations and cutting-edge technologies, such as grain storage complete sets of new technologies and new technology integration innovation, grain inventory identification codes, and Internet of things application technology, to provide important technical support for ensuring grain quantity safety, quality security and ecological security.

Guarantee quantity safety

At present, under the situation that the relationship between grain supply and demand in China has been in a tight balance for a long time, the adoption of new grain storage technology to minimize the quantitative loss in the process of grain storage is of great significance to ensure national food security.

At present, the grain warehouse capacity of our country has exceeded 300 million tons, and the tall flat warehouse, shallow garden warehouse and vertical silo have become the mainstream warehouses, and the single grain warehouse capacity has reached 5000 tons or even more than 30000 tons. A reporter from the Economic Daily learned that with the improvement of the construction level of grain storage facilities, "four-in-one" grain storage technologies such as mechanical ventilation, recirculation fumigation, grain cooling, and grain situation monitoring have been widely used in grain warehouses around the country. effectively reduce the loss of grain. There are central grain reserves with a storage capacity of more than 50 million tons and local grain reserves with a capacity of more than 15 million tons. The "four-in-one" grain storage technology has been adopted, and grain loss has been reduced from 4% to less than 1%.

However, for the tall flat warehouse, which accounts for more than 80% of China's reserve warehouse, there has been a long-standing problem that the ground ventilation duct affects the mechanized grain in and out of the warehouse. The integrated innovation of a complete set of new technologies and technologies for grain storage has just been released by the Scientific Research Institute of the State Grain Administration. One of the contents is to change the previous vertical ventilation to the horizontal ventilation of "air duct and wall", so as to realize the complete mechanization of grain in and out of the warehouse. The efficiency of grain import and export has been increased by 2 to 3 times, and technologies such as grain situation detection, grain cooling and pest and mold control have been upgraded to achieve green grain storage.

At present, China is vigorously carrying out the construction of storage facilities and the transformation of "dangerous old warehouses". The integrated innovation of a complete set of new technologies and technologies for grain storage has greatly improved the whole mechanization of grain storage operations, green ecological grain storage and the intelligent level of grain situation detection and analysis. it will provide important technical support for the construction of 100 billion jin new warehouses and the transformation of old dangerous warehouses.

Ensure quality and safety

In view of the serious threat to China's food security caused by mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticide residues, it is necessary to speed up scientific research and reuse contaminated grain safely by using biodegradation and other technologies, so as to maximize the utilization efficiency of grain resources.

Due to the abnormal climate, scab broke out in wheat and corn every year, resulting in a considerable number of grain vomiting toxins exceeding the standard, which can not be eaten or even used as feed. After research, the technology of safe and rational utilization of food contaminated by mycotoxins in China has made a breakthrough, and mycotoxins in grain can be reduced by physical technology and biotechnology. Wheat and corn resources contaminated by mycotoxins can be used to maximize the safe value. The newly released detoxification technology of vomiting toxin exceeding the standard wheat in a variety of processing and utilization ways can make the alcohol produced by wheat as raw material free of toxin; wheat bran is treated by solid-state fermentation. not only make the toxin content in line with the relevant feed safety national standards, but also increase nutrition, improve digestion and utilization. "the results of this study can achieve the safe use of wheat with excessive vomiting toxins on the premise of ensuring the safety of food and feed." Sun Changpo, a researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of the State Grain Administration, said.

In recent years, with the emergence of excessive heavy metals and mycotoxins in grain, grain scientific research institutions have intensified their scientific research efforts in the rapid detection of grain pollutants, the formulation of safety standards for grain and oil, and the reduction of mycotoxins, and have achieved certain results. for example, a sample can detect more than a dozen kinds of toxins at the same time. The Scientific Research Institute of the State Grain Administration has developed early detection methods and high sensitivity detection instruments for stored grain fungal hazards, which can predict grain heap fever one month in advance, and established the criteria for judging stored grain fungal hazards. These technologies provide technical support for preventing mildew grain from entering the warehouse and preventing grain mildew after storage.