How to grow food in order to "know"?

"the harvest is good, with an average of more than 1240 jin per mu of land." Sha Cairong, 46, stood in a rice warehouse at the entrance of the village and told reporters, "you see, this is more than 100 mu of rice, processed into rice and then sold." The remaining 250 mu of rice has been sold, third-grade mixed rice, 1.53 cents per jin. "

Sha Cairong is a farmer in Houzhou Village, Bieqiao Town, Liyang City, Jiangsu Province. At the end of last year, he transferred more than 400 mu of land, and at the beginning of this year he received the certificate of a grain-growing family farm and became a famous family farmer in the village.

The natural conditions of rice heading and flowering stage this year are not good, which brings a lot of pressure to Liyang agricultural production. Sha Cairong didn't care too much. He said that now farming is not like it used to be, and it is basically "confident". -- Why?

"400 mu of land, all harvested and planted in a week."

On the morning of November 29th, it was very cloudy and the wind blew very cold. Sha Cai Rong sleeved hand, took the reporter to his new transfer of land last year. At present, more than 100 mu of winter wheat is growing vigorously.

"the wheat grew out and there was almost no grass in the field. I mechanically put in both herbicide and urea." Sha Cairong said as he pulled out his cell phone, "this was taken on October 26." The harvester here is harvested, followed by a straw crushing and throwing machine; on this side is fertilizer and rotary tillage, which is my seed dispenser modified with a high-speed rice transplanter; and here is a ditching machine. All 400 mu of land has been harvested and planted in a week, and it is difficult to guarantee without machinery. "

In Houzhou Village, Sha Cairong belongs to the group of people who accepted the new agricultural machinery earlier. He said that as early as 2004, when most farmers in the village were still transplanting rice seedlings manually, he avoided a big loss because he used a machine to transplant rice seedlings.

"you know, we have double cropping of rice and wheat here, and we have to make a seedling bed when we harvest wheat. As soon as the temperature is high, the gray planthopper on the wheat will be transferred to the seedlings, bringing the germs here, that is, stripe leaf blight, which cannot be cured. Transplanting rice seedlings by machine is different, and a layer of breathable non-woven cloth should be covered on the seedling bed, so that the insects will have less conditions to settle down. " Sha Cairong told reporters that many families only harvested six or seven hundred jin of rice that year, while in a normal year, one mu of land could harvest 1000 jin.

In early 2009, Sha Cairong partnered with several farmers in the village to set up an agricultural machinery cooperative. Today, the number of members has grown to 360, and agricultural machinery has grown from several sets to more than 180 sets.

"now it's basically mechanized, and growing grain is much less than it used to be. What used to be done by 200 labourers in a production team can now be planted by one person with three helpers. " Sha Cairong said happily, "in the past, the labor force in the village was basically impossible to get out, and there was not much money left at the end of 365 days a year." Now one kind of harvest is only busy for two months, and the rest of the time is relatively relaxed. "

Sha Cairong told reporters that in addition to the large-scale application of advanced agricultural machinery, a very important guarantee for grain production in recent years is the improvement of infrastructure.

"the temperature is too high when the rice is heading and blooming, so we have to find a way to cool it down. We all use water to regulate here. Irrigation conditions are very important. " Sha Cairong told reporters that two miles up from his land is the Tangma Reservoir, where drinking water and irrigation water from four nearby towns come from. "there is an electric irrigation station in the field, and if you need water, you can call it directly to the ground."

Including the arrangement of fields and the matching of ditches and roads, it not only provides a basis for stable grain production and production, but also provides great convenience for local agricultural management.

"it turns out that this place is full of paths, and big machinery can't get in. After the rice was harvested, it was put in a bag and carried to the ground manually. Last year, I invested 20,000 yuan to build this mechanized ploughing road, and now I put it directly on the tractor, saving labor costs and wasting a lot of food, and then went directly to the drying room. They all come out with a standard 15.5% moisture, and it's okay to keep it for half a year. " Sha Cairong said.

"there are a lot of agricultural training, all of which are free."

Sha Cairong doesn't care much about unfavorable weather conditions, diseases and insect pests. All kinds of agricultural information gathered to them, coupled with the continuous follow-up of various supporting policies after the development of family farms, made him feel that the output could be more and more grasped.

"Let's take this low temperature and low light, which can easily lead to rice blast." Lao Sha said, "it gets moldy under the ear, and then it breaks." Most farmers know how to use tricyclazole, but this medicine can only play a preventive role. This year, the TV station repeatedly said that we must unify the use of medicine and rule by unified prevention. At this stage, we should use "rice plague" or something, which can both prevent and cure it. It doesn't matter if the rain rushes the medicine into the ground, and it can still be absorbed from the roots. I took the medicine three times as the expert said, but the disease did not occur in the field. "

In recent years, the agricultural department of Liyang City has made efforts to popularize agricultural technology at the grass-roots level, and scientific and technological personnel have entered the home directly to guide them in the form of mobile phone text messages, television broadcasts, agricultural technology bulletins and other forms to continuously improve the arrival rate of new grain varieties and new technologies. And through large grain growers, family farms, cooperatives and other new business entities, to speed up the speed of the matching of improved varieties and laws and the promotion of advanced applicable technologies. All these have brought sweetness to Sha Cairong.

"Nong Xin. You see, farmers get rich and grow on a large scale. " Sha Cairong kept scratching his mobile phone, "this is a text message from Changzhou, this is from Liyang Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, the weather change will be known soon." If I knew it was going to rain, I would harvest the rice faster and work overtime, so that the field would not be too wet for machinery to get down. "

With the widespread use of the Internet and mobile phones, technical support from Changzhou City and even the agricultural department of Jiangsu Province has been quickly and directly transferred to ordinary grain farmers.

"Wuyunjing 23, which was planted this year, has a very good yield. It has been planted for several years. At the beginning, it was known through the 'recommendation of good varieties in Jiangsu'." Sha Cairong said, "the city's Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, seed management station, planting station, agricultural technology department, and so on often organize us to go outside to see the high-yield side. I remember that since 2006, wheat and rice have been available every year to see the growth of other people's varieties, including the high-yield side of Yangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou Hongqi Farm, and Wujin Rice Research Institute. "

Lao Sha told reporters that there are a lot of training in agriculture this year, all of which are free, and he has gone out five times himself. As the number of places on the family farm was relatively large, he also arranged for farmers who helped in the fields to be trained. "one training lasts five days and seven days. I went to the Agricultural College of Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry to communicate with experts and professors face to face, and gained a lot of knowledge."

After harvesting rice and planting wheat, and then strengthening the ridge of the field, the work in the field is basically finished. Sha Cairong is busy packing rice these days. In March, he registered the Sha's rice trademark and opened an online store on Taobao. Although today's young people want to go to the city, he is still willing to grow food at home.

"although I am a farmer, I still grow rice, not an cash crop, and my income is quite considerable. This year's net income is 320000 yuan, 70,000 yuan or 80,000 yuan higher than originally expected. Some people who work in the company joke that we are not as good as you when they say 'Boss Sha'. " Sha Cairong said with a smile, "at any time, people have to eat."

When it comes to growing grain, Lao Sha is very professional and serious. He is also optimistic about the future of the grain-growing family farm: "with scale, it will not be as scattered as a household, nor will it be a sideline." He says family farmers will grow food more professionally and attentively. "for example, where there is rice blast, I will go to see what is going on. It is impossible for a man who takes farming as a sideline to do so. he works for 200 yuan a day and goes to a half-day class for 100 yuan. "

Lao Sha believes that family farm-style grain cultivation like him is also conducive to improving the quality of agricultural products, because it is the basis of all their profits. "our rice is of good quality, but the packing is a little lower." Sha Cairong turned out a simple bag from the warehouse, which is the most common kind of snakeskin bag on the market. "what I'm going to do next is vacuum packaging, and it looks like it's of a higher grade."

However, Lao Sha said that just like eating moon cakes on August 15th, no matter how they are packaged, they will eat moon cakes, not boxes. "quality is the main thing. I have my own trademark. If I don't guarantee the quality, there will be no reputation, and there will be no market. "